Chapter 7: Audition

Question 1

Sounds are produced by objects that ______ and set molecules of air into _____.

Answer 1

vibrate; motion

Question 2

The frequency of a sound’s vibration is measured in ______.

Answer 2

Hertz; Hz

Question 3

Changes in _____ ________ from sound waves move the eardrum in and out.

Answer 3

Air pressure

Question 4

Air molecules are closer together in regions of higher/lower pressure.

Answer 4

higher

Question 5

Air molecules are farther apart in regions of higher/lower pressure.

Answer 5

lower

Question 6

Three perceptual dimensions of sound:

Answer 6

Pitch
Loudness
Timbre

Question 7

The physical dimension of pitch is _______.

Answer 7

Frequency

Question 8

The physical dimension of loudness is _______.

Answer 8

Amplitude

Question 9

The physical dimension of timbre is _________.

Answer 9

Complexity

Question 10

Sound travels through the ear canal to the _______ ________.

Answer 10

Tympanic membrane

Question 11

The ________ ___ is the small hollow region containing the ossicles.

Answer 11

middle ear

Question 12

The malleus transmits vibrations via the ______ and _____ to the cochlea

Answer 12

incus; stapes

Question 13

The outer ear is the _____.

Answer 13

Pinna

Question 14

The three little bones in your ear are called the _______.

Answer 14

ossicles

Question 15

Sounds transmitted through the air are transferred into the liquid-filled _______, which is snail-shaped and divided longitudinally into three sections.

Answer 15

cochlea

Question 16

The receptive organ of audition is the _______.

Answer 16

Organ of Corti

Question 17

What are the two types of auditory receptors?

Answer 17

Inner auditory hair cells
Outer auditory hair cells

Question 18

True or False: Hair cells contain cilia.

Answer 18

True. Duh.

Question 19

Auditory information is sent to the brain via the _______ ______ (afferent)

Answer 19

Cochlear nerve

Question 20

Efferent connections with the cochlear nerve make up the _________ ______.

Answer 20

Olivocochlear bundle

Question 21

Each hemisphere of the brain receives information from both ears, but primarily the ipsilateral/contralateral one.

Answer 21

Contralateral

Question 22

The final destination of the auditory pathway is the ______ ______.

Answer 22

auditory cortex

Question 23

The auditory cortex has a unique relationship with basilar membrane, called the _________ __________.

Answer 23

Tonotopic representation

Question 24

Two processing streams in the auditory cortex:

Answer 24

Anterior Stream
Posterior Stream

Question 25

The anterior stream of the auditory cortex is involved with the _______.

Answer 25

analysis of complex sounds

Question 26

The posterior stream of the auditory cortex is involved with ________.

Answer 26

sound localization

Question 27

Moderate to high frequency sound waves are detected by ______ coding.

Answer 27

Place – different frequencies are coded by different locations in the basilar membrane

Question 28

Lower frequencies are detected by ____ coding

Answer 28

Rate – neurons fire in synchrony with the movement of the basilar membrane

Question 29

Cochlear implants are devices that utilize place and rate coding of pitch in the cochlea to enhance hearing. They restore hearing caused by damage to _____ ____.

Answer 29

hair cells

Question 30

When perceiving _______, the cochlear nerve alters rate of firing action potentials.

Answer 30

loudness

Question 31

Louder sounds produce more/less intense vibrations of the eardrum and ossicles

Answer 31

more

Question 32

Loudness of low-frequency sounds is signaled by the _______ ___ _______ arising from the neurons in the basilar membrane

Answer 32

number of axons

Question 33

With high-frequency sounds, perception of loudness is determined by the ____ of action potentials from the hair cells

Answer 33

rate

Question 34

With moderate-frequency sounds, perception of loudness is determined by the ____ of action potentials from the hair cells

Answer 34

rate

Question 35

With low-frequency sounds, perception of loudness is determined by the number of active ____ _____.

Answer 35

hair cells

Question 36

______ is sounds with a mixture of frequencies, including fundamental frequency and overtones.

Answer 36

Timbre

Question 37

When perceiving spatial location…
_______ _______ is used for low frequencies.

Answer 37

Phase differences (difference in arrival times of sound waves)

Question 38

When perceiving spatial location…
_______ _______ is used for high frequencies.

Answer 38

intensity differences

Question 39

When perceiving spatial location…
________ is used to determine height and if it is in front or behind us.

Answer 39

analysis of timbre

Question 40

True or false: loss of vision increases sensitivity of the auditory system.

Answer 40

True #StevieWonder #BlindLemonJefferson #RayCharles #ObviouslyINeedToBlindMyselfNowForMusic