Chapter 15: The Developing Nervous System Flashcards
Explain development of the CNS
Begins early in embryo as a hollow tube, which then elongates, forms pockets and folds, and thickens until the final form is reached.
When the neural tube does not completely close during development, what disease occurs?
spina bifida
What are the stem cells that give rise to the CNS?
Progenitor cells
Where does development of the cerebral cortex take place?
Ventricular zone
Development of the cerebral cortex occurs from the _______ ___.
Inside out
Steps in prenatal brain development of the cerebral cortex:
1.) Symmetrical division
2.) Asymmetrical division
3.) Apoptosis of progenitor cells
What does symmetrical division produce?
2 progenitor cells
What does asymmetrical division produce?
1 progenitor cell and 1 radial glial cell
What activates apoptosis?
Capase
After asymmetrical division, radial glial cells stack up like wheel spokes to the ___ ______.
pia mater
How did we get such big, complex brains, dog?
Genetic duplication?
More symmetrical divisions?
Longer period of asymmetrical division?
The brain continues to develop after birth until roughly age ___
25
What three things can affect brain development?
Experience, genetics, neurogenesis
Two places where neurogenesis occurs in the fully developed brain:
1.) Hippocampus
2.) Olfactory Bulb
Teratogen
Agent or factor which causes malformation of an embryo
_____ are a common cause of intellectual disability
Toxins
Example of toxins:
Viruses, adverse drug effects, alcohol, lead
True or false: alcohol disrupts typical brain development.
True, can cause fetal alcohol syndrome because it interferes with neural adhesion protein
For teratogens, the ___/__ week of pregnancy is the most important.
3rd/4th
Fetal alcohol exposure (FAE) can result in changes in the ______ and _____ structure of the baby
face; brain
Inherited metabolic disorder:
Inherited mutations in the synthesis of some enzymes can cause brain damage or impair development
The most common inherited metabolic disorder is _____.
PKU
Those with ___ lack the enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine.
PKU
_________ is a congenital disorder that results in abnormal development of the brain, producing intellectual disability in varying degrees caused by the presence of an extra ___ chromosome.
Down Syndrome; 21st
