Chapter 17: Schizophrenia + Affective Disorders Flashcards
Affective means ____
emotional
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia:
Hallucinations, thought disorders, delusions
Types of delusions:
Persecution
Grandeur
Control
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Social withdrawal
Lack of affect
reduced motivation
Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
Difficulty sustaining attention, low psychomotor speed, deficits in learning and memory, poor abstract thinking, poor problem solving
Schizophrenia means a split from _____
reality
Schizophrenia may be caused by a gene mutation of ____
DISC1
_________ ______ increase
dopaminergic activity in prefrontal cortex and reduce it in the mesolimbic system
Atypical Antipsychotics
Atypical antipsychotics, such as Aripiprazole, act as ______ ______ at dopamine receptors
partial agonists (increase in one area, decrease in another).
5-HT is another name for _____
Serotonin
SAD stands for
Seasonal affective disorder
SSRI’s boost the _______, specifically ____, by slowing down the reuptake.
monoamines; serotonin
MAO inhibiters increase serotonin by _______.
stopping the enzyme that chops up the monoamines
Antidepressants:
SSRI
SNRI
MAO inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
The go-to treatment for bipolar disorder is _______
lithium
ECT is a last resort for ______
Depression; mania
How does ECT work?
A brief electrical shock on the brain used to induce a seizure
A form of last-resort depression treatment without inducing seizures is ______
Vagus nerve stimulation
TMS stands for
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Is TMS very effective?
Not really.
What does DBS stand for?
Deep brain stimulation
Depressed patients show hyperactivity of subjenual ___ along with decreased activity in other regions of the _____ cortex
ACC; frontal
What is the monoamine hypothesis?
Depression is caused by insufficient activity of monoaminergic neurons (not enough monoamines)
As hippocampal neurogenesis decreases, stress and depression increase/decrease
increase
What induces neurogenesis in the human brain?
Exercise
BDNF hypothesis of depression
Depression is caused by reduced hippocampal neurogenesis
True or false: Brain-deprived neurotrophic factor boosts neurogenesis and survival of neurons.
True
True or false: sleep disturbances are characteristic of affective disorders
True
SAD can be treated by __________
phototherapy (aka go outside, bruh)
True or false: Sometimes getting less sleep can actually help with depression.
True
When you are in total darkness for too long, you have more/fewer monoamines.
fewer
Onset of melatonin secretion begins _ hours before the midpoint of sleep.
8
