Chapter 2: Structures and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System Flashcards
The CNS is made up of the ______ and the _______.
brain; spinal cord
Sensory/motor neurons gather information
Sensory
Sensory/motor neurons control the muscles
Motor
Four main parts of a neuron:
Soma, Axon, Dendrites, Terminal buttons
Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus?
Soma
Which part of the neuron receives messages from other neurons?
Dendrites
Which part of the neuron secretes neurotransmitters?
Terminal buttons
Define axoplasmic transport
An active process that propels substances along microtubule “tracks” that run inside the length of the axon
Anterograde/retrograde axoplasmic transport propels substances from the soma to the terminal buttons.
Anterograde
Anterograde/retrograde axoplasmic transport propels substances from the terminal buttons to the soma.
Retrograde
Which protein helps to accomplish anterograde axoplasmic transport?
Kinesin
Which protein helps to accomplish retrograde axoplasmic transport?
Dynein
True or False: Anterograde axoplasmic transport is considerably slower than retrograde axoplasmic transport.
False, retrograde is about two times slower than anterograde.
What are the three types of glial cells in the CNS?
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia
Role of astrocytes:
physically support neurons by acting like glue, clean up debris in brain via phagocytosis, produce chemicals and provide nutrients
Role of oligodendrocytes:
Provide support to axons, produce myelin sheath
Role of microglia:
Phagocytosis, immune system, inflammatory reactions to bad microorganisms
Schwann cells are located in the CNS/PNS
PNS
Role of Schwann cells:
support axons, produce myelin, digest dying axons and help regrow axon
What is the blood-brain barrier?
A selectively permeable barrier with no gaps that regulates the composition of extracellular fluid and keeps messages from being disrupted