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MedMicro Ni Sir Danny > Chapter 7 and 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 and 9 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of what genes are, how
they carry information, how information is
expressed, and how genes are replicated

A

genetics

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2
Q

A segment of DNA that encodes a
functional product, usually a protein

A

gene

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3
Q

Structure containing DNA that
physically carries hereditary information; the
chromosomes contain the genes

A

chromosome

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4
Q

: All the genetic information in a cell

A

genome

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5
Q

The genes of an organism (genetic
makeup)

A

genotype

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6
Q

Expression of the genes (physical
appearance)

A

phenotype

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7
Q

transfer of genes from
parent to offspring (daughter cells)

A

vertical gene transfer

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8
Q
  • genes passed between cells of same generation
     Donor transfers part of its genome to
    recipient cell
     Recipient can incorporate (recombine) part
    of donor DNA
     Rare event, occurs in less than 1% of
    population
A

horizontal gene transfer

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9
Q

Recipient that incorporates DNA

A

recombinant

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10
Q

transfer of “naked” DNA

A

transformation

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11
Q

physiological state in which recipient cell can take up DNA via transformation
 ie, Haemophilus can take up DNA only when competent

A

competence

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12
Q

phage mediated DNA transfer

A

transduction

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13
Q

Two types of transduction

A

generalized and specialized transduction

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14
Q

phage mediated transfer of random segments of DNA

A

generalized transduction

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15
Q

phage mediated transfer of specific genes

A

specialized transduction

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16
Q
  • are self-replicating circular molecules
    of DNA
     Small, about 1-5% of genome
     Often carry genes that are not essential for
    survival
A

plasmid

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17
Q

carry genes for
plasmid transfer

A

conjugative plasmids

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17
Q
  • plasmid dependent DNA transfer
  • Requires cell to cell contact
A

conjugation

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18
Q

bacteria stick to the surface

A

adherence

19
Q

organism with asymptomatic
infection

A

carrier

20
Q

– multiplication of infectious agent

A

infection

21
Q

organism enter on a host cell and
spread

A

invasion

22
Q

microbial flora harbored by a
normal, healthy individual

A

microbiota

23
Q

microorganism that does not
cause disease

A

nonpathogen

24
Q

agent capable of
causing disease

A

opportunistic pathogen

25
Q

capable of causing disease

A

pathogen

26
Q

ability of agent to cause
disease

A

pathogenicity

27
Q

protein toxin activates
immune system

A

superantigens

28
Q

ability to produce toxin

A

toxigenicity

29
Q

quantitative ability of the agent to
cause disease

A

virulence

30
Q

Present in outer membrane of gram-negative
rods

A

endotoxin

31
Q

Classified by mechanism of action and the
impact on host cell

A

enterotoxin and exotoxin

32
Q

 Are made from exotoxins which are
modified so that they are no longer toxic

A

toxoids

33
Q

toxin produced by C. tetani

A

tetanospasmin

34
Q

toxin caused by V. cholera

A

Cholera

35
Q

they are tissue degrading enzymes

A

 C. perfringens – collagenase
 S. aureus – coagulase
 Staphylococci, streptococci andanaerobes– hyaluronidases
 Streptococci – streptokinase (fibrinolysin) Cytolysins – they dissolve red bloodcells(hemolysins) or kill tissue cellsorleukocytes (leukocidins)

36
Q

they dissolve red blood cells(hemolysins) or kill tissue cells or leukocytes (leukocidins)

A

cytolysins

37
Q

have Secretion system(SS)1-6 (I-VI)

A

gram-negative

38
Q

pore forming protein complex, cholera toxin

A

type 2

39
Q

gen. sec. to export an autotransporter to periplasm

A

type 5

40
Q

– do not interact with protein

A

type 1 and 3

41
Q

________ forms tunnel and ______ virulence protein

A

type 4 and 6

42
Q

can be found in many surfaces on human body and nature
 aggregate interactive bacteria attached to a solid surface

A

bacterial biofilm

43
Q

central venous catheter

A

 S. epidermis and S. aureus

44
Q

– cystic fibrosis

A

P. aeruginosa

MedMicro Ni Sir Danny (11 decks)

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