Chapter 5 and 6

Question 1

requirements for growth

Answer 1

 C,H,O,N,S,P
 K,Na,Fe,Mg,Ca,Cl

Question 2

synthesis requires
chemical energy in ATP

Answer 2

anhydride bonds

Question 3

this is the potential energy

Answer 3

proton motive force

Question 4

part of mitochondrion or
chloroplast

Answer 4

eukaryotes

Question 5

cytoplasmic membrane of the
cell

Answer 5

prokaryotes

Question 6

Sources of Metabolic Energy

Answer 6

 Fermentation
 Respiration
 Photosynthesis

Question 7

what are the carbon sources?

Answer 7

autotrophs, chemolitotrophs, heterotrophs

Question 8

what are the nitrogen sources?

Answer 8

ammonia, nitrogen fixation, denitrification, ammonification

Question 9

use photosynthetic energy to
reduce CO2

Answer 9

autotrophs

Question 10

use an inorganic substrate as carbon source

Answer 10

chemolitotrophs

Question 11

requires organic carbon for growth

Answer 11

heterotrophs

Question 12

end product for nitrogen
assimilation

Answer 12

ammonia

Question 13

unique property of
prokaryotes

Answer 13

nitrogen fixation

Question 14

NH3 to gaseous N2

Answer 14

denitrification

Question 15

NH3 production by
deamination of amino acid

Answer 15

ammonification

Question 16

 forms several coenzyme found in cysteinyl
and methionyl of protein
 cannot be used by plants and animals but not in autotrophic bacteria
 hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

Answer 16

sulfur source

Question 17

 required component of ATP; nucleic acids, coenzymes as NAD, NADP and flavins
 lipids, cell wall and some capsular
polysaccharides

Answer 17

phosphorus source

Question 18

 Magnesium ion, ferrous ion, iron, potassium, calcium

Answer 18

mineral source

Question 19

 required component of ATP; nucleic acids, coenzymes as NAD, NADP and flavins
 lipids, cell wall and some capsular polysaccharides

Answer 19

growth factors

Question 20

polysaccharide extract of marine alga

Answer 20

liquid medium or agar

Question 21

environmental factors affecting growth

Answer 21

ph, temperature, and aeration

Question 22

 neutralophiles
 acidophiles
 alkaliphiles

Answer 22

hydrogen ion concentration (pH)

Question 23

 Psychrophilic
 Mesophilic
 Thermophilic - Hyperthermophilic

Answer 23

temperature

Question 24

 obligate aerobes
 facultative anaerobes
 obligate anaerobes
 microaerophiles
 aerotolerant anaerobes

Answer 24

aeration

Question 25

what are the Ionic Strength and Osmotic Pressure

Answer 25

halophilic and osmophilic

Question 26

organisms requiring high salt concentration

Answer 26

halophilic

Question 27

requiring high osmotic pressure

Answer 27

osmophilic

Question 28

 Growing Cells of a Given Species
 Microbiologic Examination of Natural Minerals
 Isolation of a Particular Type of Microorganism

Answer 28

medium

Question 29

Isolation of a bacterial organism in pure culture

Answer 29

plating and dilution

Question 30

The sum of all chemical reactions in
an organism

Answer 30

metabolism

Question 31

Provides energy and building
blocks for anabolism.

Answer 31

catabolism

Question 32

Uses energy and building blocks to
build large molecules

Answer 32

anabolism

Question 33

• is a sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell.
• are determined by enzymes, which are encoded by genes

Answer 33

metabolic pathways

Question 34

Biological catalysts; specific; not used up in
that reaction

Answer 34

enzymes

Question 35

what are the enzyme components

Answer 35

 Apoenzymes, Cofactors, Holoenzymes
 Coenzymes (NAD+ , NADP+ , FAD)

Question 36

what are the regulation of enzyme activity?

Answer 36

• enzyme of allosteric protein
• feedback inhibition
• allosteric activation
• cooperativity
• covalent modification of enzyme
• enzyme inactivation

Question 37

 have additional binding site
 effectors (inhibitor or activator)

Answer 37

enzyme of allosteric protein

Question 37

 Prevent product formation by binding to an allosteric site

Answer 37

feedback inhibition

Question 38

 Bind away from the active site

Answer 38

allosteric activation

Question 39

multiple binding

Answer 39

cooperativity

Question 40

 Removal of chemical groups

Answer 40

covalent modification of enzyme