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Nails Technology Exam Review > Chapter 7-9 > Flashcards

Chapter 7-9 Flashcards

1
Q

A physician engaged in the science of treating the skin, its structures, functions, and disease is known as __________.

A

a dermatologist

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2
Q

The _________ is the largest organ of the body.

A

skin

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3
Q

The skin ________ is the thinnest of the body.

A

Around the eyelids

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4
Q

Which layer of the skin is thinnest?

A

The epidermis

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5
Q

Which layer of the skin is known as the spiny layer?

A

Stratum spinosum

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6
Q

The ________ has special column-shaped cells that produces melanocytes.

A

stratum germinativum

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7
Q

The dermis is the underlying or inner layer of the skin, which is also called the derma, corium, or _________

A

cutis

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8
Q

The subcutaneous tissue is a fatty layer found below the dermis, which is also called ______ tissue

A

adipose

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9
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary and reticular

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10
Q

Lymph, the clear fluids of the body that resemble blood plasma but contains only water and other ______, bathe the skin cells remove toxins and have immune function.

A

Colorless substances

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11
Q

Sensory nerve fibers react to heat, cold, pressure and ________.

A

pain

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12
Q

The color of the skin depends primarily on _______

A

melanin

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13
Q

Eumelanin is ________ in color.

A

brown to black

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14
Q

Daily use of a sunscreen with a sun protection factor of at least ________ is recommended.

A

15

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15
Q

Collagen fibers are interwoven with _________, a protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue

A

elastin

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16
Q

The sudoriferous glands are also known as ___________

A

sweat

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17
Q

Normally, 1 to 2 ________ of liquids containing salts are eliminated daily through sweat pores in the skin,

A

pints

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18
Q

Sebaceous glands are not found on which part of the body?

A

palms

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19
Q

A comedo is a hair follicle filled with __________

A

keratin and sebum

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20
Q

An excellent moisturizer and lubricant that replenishes skin lipids while softening and smoothing is known as _________.

A

squalene

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21
Q

Sebum is secreted by the _______ glands and lubricates the skin, keeping it soft and pliable.

A

sebaceous

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22
Q

Water composes approximately __________ of body weight.

A

60 percent

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23
Q

The amount of water needed by an individual varies, depending on ___________ and the level of daily physical activity.

A

body weight

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24
Q

It is recommended that men in general should drink ___________ cups of water daily.

A

12

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25
Q

Which of the following has the greatest negative impact on how our skin ages?

A

Sun exposure

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26
Q

________ energy contributes to the body’s synthesis of vitamin D and other important minerals.

A

UVB

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27
Q

UVA energy is deeper penetrating than _______ and causes the skin to tan by affecting the skin pigment.

A

visible

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28
Q

For the best protection when UV exposure is the highest, an individual should avoid prolonged exposure to the sun during peak hours, which usually occurs between _________.

A

10:00am and 3:00 p.m

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29
Q

A protein similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue is known as _________

A

elastin

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30
Q

Which of the following people are most susceptible to sun damage?

A

Redheads and blue-eyed blondes

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31
Q

Changes in the size, shape, or coloration of a mole are cause ____________

A

to see a physician

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32
Q

Inhaling nicotine in tobacco causes the ___________ and weakening of blood vessels that supply blood to the skin tissues.

A

contraction

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33
Q

A condition caused by heavy or excessive intake alcohol, tobacco use, sun exposure, or other environmental factors is known as __________

A

telangiectasias

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34
Q

Which type of lesions are nail technicians concerned with?

A

Primary and secondary

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35
Q

A ________ is a large blister containing a watery fluid.

A

bulla

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36
Q

A spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle, is known as _________

A

macule

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37
Q

An inflamed pimple containing pus is called a __________.

A

pustule

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38
Q

A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue is called_________

A

a keloid

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39
Q

A collection of blood trapped underneath the nail is called _________

A

a hematoma

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40
Q

Which of the following terms refer to a deficiency in perspiration?

A

Anhidrosis

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41
Q

What is the least severe and most common type of skin cancer ?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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42
Q

Prolonged or repeated contact with many ________ will strip away skin oils, leaving the skin dry or damaged.

A

Solvents

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43
Q

To avoid allergies when working with monomer liquids or UV gels, you should never ________ your own product blends.

A

mix

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44
Q

The ________ prevents absorption of a very large majority of what comes in contact with the surface of the skin, including cosmetic ingredients.

A

sweat glands

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45
Q

A substance that is needed for proper repair of the skin and various tissue, which also speeds up the healing process

A

Vitamin C

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46
Q

The hard protective plate located at the end of the finger or toe is called the ________.

A

a natural nail

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47
Q

The fingernails and toenails are part of which body system?

A

Integumentary system

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48
Q

The ________ of the nails can reflect the general health of the body.

A

overall appearance

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49
Q

Which of the following is technically referred to as the onyx?

A

the natural nail

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50
Q

The natural nail is primarily composed of what substance?

A

Keratin

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51
Q

A normal, healthy nail is firm and flexible, shiny, slightly pink in color with a __________ surface.

A

smooth

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52
Q

The keratin in natural nails is ________ the keratin in hair or skin.

A

more durable than

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53
Q

The nail plate is relatively __________ to water, allowing it to pass much more easily than it will pass through normal skin equal thickness.

A

porous

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54
Q

The lower the water content in the nail, the _______ the nail becomes.

A

more rigid

55
Q

The portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge is called the _________

A

pinkish

56
Q

The area under the nail plate has a ________ appearance extending from the lunula to just before the free edge of the nail.

A

pinkish

57
Q

What is the whitish half moon shape at the base of the nail called?

A

The lunula

58
Q

The matrix area contains nerves. lymph, and ________ to nourish the matrix cells.

A

blood vessels

59
Q

The _____ is the most visible and functional part of the nail unit

A

cuticle

60
Q

The free edge ________

A

extends over the tip of the finger or toe

61
Q

The cuticles is the dead, _______ tissue attached to the nail plate

A

colorless

62
Q

Cuticle tissue is incredibly ______ and difficult to remove from the nail plate.

A

sticky

63
Q

The living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area is the _________

A

eponychium

64
Q

The _______ is the slightly thickened layer of the skin that lie between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate.

A

Hyponychium

65
Q

A tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place is called ________

A

a ligament

66
Q

Nail technicians are allowed to gently push back the eponychium but are prohibited from cutting or trimming any part of the eponychium because it is __________

A

living skin

67
Q

Cuticle conditioners are designed for the eponychium , lateral sidewalls, and _________

A

hyponychium

68
Q

Cuticle removers, when carefully applied to the nail plate, can speed removal of stubborn _________

A

cuticle tissue

69
Q

Ligaments are located at the base of the ______ and around the edges of the nail bed.

A

matrix

70
Q

The ________ are folds of normal skin that surround the nail plate

A

nail folds

71
Q

The sidewall, also called the _________, is the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail.

A

lateral nail fold

72
Q

A normal nail grows forward from the _______ and extends over the tip of the finger.

A

matrix

73
Q

The length, width, and curvature of the ________ determine the thickness, width, and curvature of the natural nail plate.

A

matrix

74
Q

What can be done to make the nail plate grow thicker?

A

nothing

75
Q

Nails grow slowest at what time of year?

A

winter

76
Q

The nail of the ______ grow fastest.

A

middle finger

77
Q

Nails of _______ grow at a slower rate than others.

A

the elderly

78
Q

Because of hormonal changes in the body, nail growth, ___________ during the last trimester of pregnancy.

A

increase dramatically

79
Q

What causes the dramatic increases and decreases in the rate of nail growth during and after pregnancy?

A

hormonal changes

80
Q

Compared to the matrix found on fingernails, the matrix found on toenails is__________

A

longer

81
Q

Compared to fingernails, toenails grow _______

A

slower

82
Q

How long does the replacement of the natural fingernail take?

A

4-6 months

83
Q

How long does it take for the natural replacement of ta toenail?

A

9-12 month

84
Q

The natural nail is considered an appendage of the ___________

A

skin

85
Q

The surface of a normal, healthy nail _________

A

is unspotted

86
Q

Oil-based nail conditioners ______

A

can improve nail flexibility

87
Q

Nail folds form the nail groove or _______ on each side of the nail.

A

furrow

88
Q

As a person ages, parts of the nail matrix begin to permanently slow down production, causing the plate to develop a series of _______ running the length on the plate.

A

narrow grooves

89
Q

Where are the nail plate cells formed?

A

the matrix

90
Q

A normal healthy nail is shiny and slightly pink in color, with more _______ tones in some races.

A

beige/yellow

91
Q

It is likely that _______ of your clients have experienced one or more types of common nail disorders.

A

most

92
Q

A nail disorder is a condition caused by injury or _________

A

disease

93
Q

Bruised nails are characterized by a blood clot that forms under the plate, forming a ____________ spot.

A

dark purplish

94
Q

Nail ridges, which are actually grooves, grow in which direction?

A

vertically

95
Q

Ridges are ______

A

normal in order clients

96
Q

Eggshell nails are noticeably thin, white nail plates that are _______ than normal nails.

A

much more flexible

97
Q

When working on eggshell nails, it is recommended that you use an abrasive board with a grit of _________

A

240 or higher

98
Q

Which way do Beau’s lines typically run on the nail plate?

A

Horizontally

99
Q

Beau’s lines occur because the matrix _________ producing nail cells for several weeks or months.

A

slows down in

100
Q

Which of these conditions is characterized by the living skin around the nail plate splitting and tearing?

A

Hangnail

101
Q

Signs of an infection of the nails are redness, pain, swelling, or _______

A

pus

102
Q

What color are leukonychia spots?

A

white

103
Q

Leukonychia spots result from _________

A

damage to the matrix

104
Q

Melanonychia presents as a ________ of the nails.

A

darkening

105
Q

Melanonychia is a fairly common occurrence and considered normal in ________, but could be indicative of a disease condition in Caucasians.

A

African Americans or Asians

106
Q

Which of these conditions is caused by nail biting?

A

Onychophagy

107
Q

The technical term for split or brittle nails with a series of lengthwise ridges is __________

A

Onychorrhexis

108
Q

How often should a client with onychorrhexis use a high-quality, penetrating nail oil?

A

Twice daily

109
Q

The condition known as plicatured nail often leads to __________ nails.

A

ingrown

110
Q

Skin is stretched by the nail plate in clients with __________

A

nail pterygium

111
Q

What should you do if a client has a typical case of pincer nail?

A

Carefully trim and file the nail.

112
Q

Fungi are _______.

A

parasites

113
Q

Nail fungi are of concern to the nail salon because they are contagious and can be transmitted through__________

A

contaminated implements

114
Q

A typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified in the early stages as a __________ spot.

A

yellow-green

115
Q

Which of the following colors indicates the most advanced nail infection?

A

black

116
Q

A form of dramatically increased nail curvature is called ___________

A

trumpet nails

117
Q

Which of these conditions presents as an inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail plate?

A

Onychia

118
Q

The technical term for ingrown nails is _______

A

onychocryptosis

119
Q

The technical term for separation and failing off of a nail from the nail bed is _________.

A

onychomadesis

120
Q

Which of the following does not usually cause onycholysis?

A

illness

121
Q

Onychomadesis can be traced to a localized infection, _________, or a severs systemic illness.

A

injury to the matrix

122
Q

What effect does nail psoriasis have on the nails?

A

Pitting

123
Q

Nail psoriasis can cause yellowish to reddish spots underneath the nail plate, called ________

A

salmon patches

124
Q

Paronychia is _________

A

a bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail

125
Q

Which of the following people is likely to be most prone to paronychia?

A

A nurse

126
Q

Nail psoriasis can cause the surface of the plate to look like it has been filed with a coarse abrasive or may _________

A

create a ragged free edge

127
Q

Which of the following conditions is a severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate?

A

Pyogenic granuloma

128
Q

What is the medical term for red itchy patches of skin on the bottom of the feet?

A

Tinea pedis

129
Q

A fungal infection of the feet is most likely to strike between the ______ toes.

A

fourth and fifth

130
Q

If a client has a fungal infection on the foot, you should recommend _______

A

Changing white cotton sock twice daily

131
Q

Which of these term refers to a fungal infection of the nail plate?

A

Onychomycosis

132
Q

What causes ridges?

A

Uneven nail growth

133
Q

Plicatured nail figuratively means ___________

A

Folded nail

134
Q

Nail pterygium is an abnormal condition that occurs when skin is _______ the nail plate.

A

Stretched by

Nails Technology Exam Review (7 decks)

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