Chapter 14-17 Flashcards
Cosmetic services performed on the feet by a licensed nail technician or cosmetologist that included trimming, shaping, exfoliating, polishing toenails, and massage called _________
pedicures
Pedicures creates clients loyalty, produce considerable, income, and can be important ________ for many clients.
self-esteem building treatment
Shaving the legs within 24 hours of having a pedicure increases the risk of _______, which causes tiny unseen openings in the skin that may allow entry by pathogenic microbes.
microtrauma
Which term refers to all of the permanent tools used to perform nail services that are not implements?
Equipment
When preparing the pedicure foot bath, it is recommended that you fill it with _______ water.
warm
Some fully plumbed whirlpool baths are _______ and connected to a drain.
permanently plumbed to hot and cold water
Electric foot mitts are designed to _______
add a special touch to a pedicure
Toenail clippers have a ______ space between the jaws allowing them to cut thicker nails.
wider
Which implement has a small, scoop-shaped end?
Curette
Only curettes with _______ are safe and appropriate for nail technicians to use.
dull edges
For most clients, a _______ nail file is recommended for pedicures.
medium-grit
Foot files or paddles are designed to reduce and smooth ________.
Thicker foot calluses
Which implement is used to trim tags of dead skin?
Nipper
You should not use metal pushers or sharp implements on clients who have_________
any chronic disease
A spa pedicure usually lasts for about ________ minutes
60-90
Toe separators are used when _______.
polishing the toenails
The disposable slippers provided for clients who have not worn open-toe shoes and want to avoid smudging their newly applied toenail polish are typically made of ___________
paper or foam
Which type of product is put into the water in a pedicure bath to soften the skin on the feet?
Foot soak
Exfoliating scrubs are usually_______ that contain an abrasive as the exfoliating agent.
water based lotions
Masks are commonly made with mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils, and ________
beneficial extracts
Callus softener products are applied ______
directly to the callus
Which abbreviation refers to a licensed nail technician or cosmetologist who has taken advanced eduction to learn to perform safe pedicure on podiatry patients?
MNT
Treatments that require multiple appointments are referred to as ________
a series
Appointments to ensure lower calluses should be schedule __________
weekly
A typical callus reduction appointment includes a soak application, a reduction product application and treatment, ________, and dismissal.
a lotion application
A client going through a callus reduction process will typically require about ______ visits.
4-6
The typical method for applying paraffin from the bath is to dip and re-dip the hands or feet _______ times into the larger paraffin bath.
3-4
The massage performed during a pedicure service is predominantly _________
effleurage
Reflexology is a unique method of applying pressure with the thumb and index fingers to the hands and feet and demonstrates ____________
health benefit
Hot stones are used in pedicures to provide a deep, penetrating, and comforting heat enhances relaxation and ________
circulation
Salons must always use an EPA-registered hospital, disinfectant that is labeled a broad spectrum _________, viricide, and fungicide.
batericide
Ergonomics in pedicuring focuses on ________
the technician’s body positioning
Generally when performing a foot massage the foot should be gently grasped ________.
just above the ankle
When performing a pedicure, a ______ is used to gently remove and loose and dead tissue.
wooden pusher
Curttes must always be used with the bowl of the curette __________ the skin.
toward
Nail technicians _______
cannot cut or trim calluses
________ is a traditional release in massage.
Feathering
After a pedicure, what is the first step prior to applying the base coat?
Applying toe separators.
What is the purpose of a callus?
To protect the underlying skin from irritation
When using a curette to remove loose debris from the nail plate, it is recommended that you use a _________ motion
scooping
The ________ toenail is usually the most challenging to trim.
big
Massaging the leg is not recommended for clients with severe hypertension or circulatory problems because it___________
increase circulation
The basic pedicure includes a foot massage and not leg massage due to time constraints and the fact that it is considered to be ________
a special service addition
Foot care mask ingredients are used to cleans, exfoliate, tighten, tone, hydrate, and ______ the skin.
nourish
When performing a pedicure, it is recommended that you _________ as you work.
keep your body relaxed and unstrained
The motor of a micro motor machine is located __________
inside the hand piece
Battery-operated micro-motors are small, compact, and powerful, _________
but some have much less torque
What is a significant clue in determining the authenticity of a micro-motor machine?
Its price
Electric files purchased at craft, hobby, and tool stores are not recommended for use in the salon because they are manufactured for use on glass, wood, and ceramics and can damage the natural and artificial nail because of _____________
the amount of vibration
The speed of electric files is measured in __________
RPM
Which term refers to the tightness of the inside of the shank where the bit fits into the hand-piece?
Tolerance
When selecting an electric file, the hand-piece should weigh approximately 4 to 6 ounces, should be comfortable in your hand, and _________
have virtually no vibration
The power in the machine or its ability to keep turning when applying pressure during filing is known as ____________
torque
Most manufactures can service and return you electric file within ________
7-10 days
Most manufactures will fix or replace a malfunctioning electric file within ________ of purchase at no cost to you.
1 year
Concentric bits are commonly referred to as being _________
centered
Wobbling bits can harm the electric file or cause damage to the client’s nails and may cause the nail professional to develop __________
a CTD
Which term refers to the number of abrasive particles per square inch on an electric files?
Grit
The long, slender cuts or grooves found on a carbide bit are known as _________
Flutes
Grooves craved into the nail by filing with bits at the incorrect angle are known as _________
rings of fire
Traditional carbides must be used from the right to left with the machine in_________
forward rotation
An UNC bit is recommended for tight spaces such as under the nail, sidewalls, and for making _________ in nails.
designer holes
Cone-shaped bits are slim, long, tapered, and ________ so they can be used at the cuticle and underneath the nail.
pointed
Backfill bits come in two sizes; small ______ the size of a barrel bit and medium _________ the size of a barrel bit.
1/4; 1/2
High-shine bits are commonly made of _______, cotton, or soft leather material.
natural chamois
High-shine bits are sometimes called
buffer bits
Pedicure bits are used on ____________ speed.
slow to medium
Sanding bands are made of _________
paper
Sanding bands are generally used for shortening and shaping the top surface of the nail ________ and filing calluses on the feet.
removing a gel sealant
The bullet bit is a small, slender bit that is available in a flat-topped or rounded-tipped version and is similar to the _______ bit
UNC
A long, slender carbide bit that has been made for drilling a hole into the free edge of a nail enhancement to attach nail jewelry is known as _________
a jewelry bit
Replace a dirty metal bit with a _______ as part of routine cleanup in between clients.
blank
When practicing with your electric file, it is recommended that you glue a nail tip on a dowel or round clothespin and hold be dowel as you would hold a _____________
Client’s finger
It is recommended that you use the ________ as the fulcrum finger when balancing your hands while using an electric file.
pinky finger
When performing cuticle work, it is recommended that you set your electric file to ________ speed.
slow
There are four types of carbide bits including one-way, cross-cut, pointed flutes that cut in both directions, and ___________
traditional
A shorter, cone-shaped bit that is designed with a flat top and can be used to shaped the top surface of the nail and to cut maintenance on small nails at a flat angle is known as ___________
a tapered barrel bit
When performing finishing work with the electric file, it is recommended that you move _______ bits.
coarser to finer
When using an an electric file, buffing oils should be used ___________
sparingly
Electric filing on foot calluses needs to be done when the foot is ________
dry
When practicing cuticle work, place the bit at the cuticle area, holding the bit a slight angle so that the top and at least _________ percent of the bit is making contact with the nail.
50
When electric filing, the smallest dust particles are caused by __________
sanders or sleeves
To reduce the amount of heat created when using an electric file, it is recommended that you ____________
adjust the speed of the machine slightly higher
The term _________ refers to the bit catching the skin around the nail during filing.
“grabbing”
The bit on an electric file _________
turns clockwise
To prevent grabbing, it is recommended that you keep the bit parallel to the nail, angle the finger to file the sides of the nail, and use bits with _________ such as safety style bits.
rounded
Common causes of free-edge separation include product breakdown, the client’s treatment of the nails, and ________
product age
When a nail enhancement ages with wear and becomes brittle and develops tiny cracks, it is called _________-
micro-shattering
When using an electric file, it is important to keep the bit ___________
parallel to the nail
When washing metal file bit prior to disinfection, it is recommended that you rinse them with ______________
warm water
Plastic, pre-molded nails shaped from a tough polymer made from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic are commonly known as _________
nail tip
A layer of any kind of nail enhancement product that is applied over the tip for added strength is known as _________
an overlay
In addition to the basic materials found on a manicuring table, nail tips, abrasive board, a buffer block, nail tip adhesive, nail dehydrator, and _______ are needed for a nail tip application.
a tip cutter
__________ is used to remove surface moisture and tiny amounts of oil left on the natural plate.
Nail dehydrator
The point where the free edge of the natural nail meets the tip and where the tip is adhered to the nail is known as the _________
position stop
When fitting tips to your client, make sure that the tips chosen cover the nail plate from _________
sidewall to sidewall
If you do not have a tip that fits the client’s nail exactly. it is recommended that you use a slightly _______ tip and bevel it to fit.
larger
The bonding agent used to secure the nail tip to the natural nail is called ________
nail tip adhesive
Once nail tips are applied, the contact area will need to be __________ with an abrasive, so that the tip blends smoothly with natural nail.
reduced
Any method of securing a layer of fabric or paper on and around the nail around the nail tip to ensure its strength and durability is called _______
a nail wrap
Wrap resins are made from ________ and are closely related to those used to create other types of nail enhancements.
Cyanoacrylate
__________ wraps are made from a closely woven, heavy material.
Linen
A fabric wrap is the most popular type of nail wrap because of its _______
durability
_______ wraps are made from a very thin synthetic mesh with a loose weave.
Fiberglass
________ wraps are made from a thin natural material with a tight weave that becomes transparent with wrap resin is applied.
Silk
Paper wraps are _______ and very simple to use.
temporary
Another term for a wrap resin accelerator is _______
activator
A wrap resin accelerator acts as the dryer that _______ the hardening process of the wrap resin or adhesive overlay.
speed up
Activators are available in several different forms including brush on bottle, pump spray, and ________
aerosol
In addition to the basic materials on the manicuring table, you will adhesive -backed fabric, small scissors, wrap resin, wrap resin accelerator, a nail buffer, and ________ to perform a nail wrap application.
a small piece of plastic
Structurally correcting the nail wrap enhancement to ensure its strength, shape, and durability is commonly referred to as _______
a rebalance
No light Gels have the same chemical composition as wrap systems with wrap resin and can be used with a _________ activator to harden or cure the adhesive.
spray-on
When cutting a stress strip, it should measure ______ in length.
1/8
A _________ is a piece of fabric cut to completely cover a crack or break in the nail.
repair patch
Fabric wraps are removed by first immersing the entire enhancement into a small bowl filled with _______
acetone
After the Preservice Procedure, the first step in a Nail Wrap Application Procedure is to _________
remove existing polish
In a fabric wrap maintenance procedure, the buffing dust is remove with ________
a dry, nylon nail brush
Nail tip should be worn with ______
an overlay
In the nail tip removal procedure, the natural nail is gently buffed with a fine buffer to remove any ________
adhesive residue
After removing the cuticle during a nail tip application procedure buff over the nail plate with a medium/fine abrasive to ________
remove the shine
In a nail tip application procedure, apply ________ to remove surface moisture and tiny amounts of oil left on the natural nail plate.
nail dehydrator
When applying the adhesive during a nail tip application procedure, place the adhesive __________
where the tip will be placed
In a nail wrap application procedure, when is the wrap material cut to the approximate width and shape of the nail plate?
before removing the wrap backing
In a nail wrap application procedure, the resin is applied to all 10 fingers beginning on the left hand with the _______
pinky finger
In a nail wrap application procedure, once the fabric is secure on the nail, use small scissors to trim the fabric___________ inch away from the sidewalls and the free edges.
1/16
In a nail wrap application procedure, to seal the free edge and prevent lifting and tip separation, _________
apply a second coat of wrap resin
In a nail wrap application procedure, after shaping and refining the nail wrap, ________ is applied before buffing.
nail oil
Which common household item may be used to press the fabric wrap onto the nail plate during a nail wrap application procedure?
a plastic sandwich bag
It is recommended that you use ______ to remove a client’s nail polish during a fabric wrap maintenance procedure.
non acetone polish remover
When removing fabric wraps, the acetone level in the small glass bowl should be approximately ________ the nail wraps.
1/2” above
Linen wraps are ______ and required a colored polish to cover it completely.
opaque
A ______ wrap is lightweight and has a smooth appearance when applied to the nail.
silk
When applying nail tips, an abrasive should be used to shape the free edges of the natural nails to match the shape of the nail tip to the _______
stop point
Cutting a nail tip with any tool other than a professional tip cutter will weaken it and cause it to ________
crack
________ is the term used when a nail enhancement needs to be serviced after 2 or more weeks from the initial application.
Maintenance
All nail enhancement products are based almost entirely on ingredients that come from the _______ family
acrylic
The “ poly” in polymer mean ______
many
Which of the following is not one of the three version of monomer liquid used in the nail industry?
Ethyl acrylic
Polymer powder is made using a special chemical reaction called _______
polymerization
Ethyl methacrylate monomer liquid is commonly referred to as _______
EMA
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is not recommended for use on nails and is ________ in some states.
not legal
MMA nail products do not adhere well to the nail plate requiring the nail technician to _______ the surface of the nail.
shred or etch
MMA creates the hardest and _____ nail enhancements.
most rigid
MMA _________ in product removers
does not dissolve well
MMA is a widely used monomer with a long history of sale use in medical and ______ products
dental
When monomer liquid is picked up by a brush and mixed with polymer powder, it creates what is known as a __________
bead
A catalyst is an additive designed to _______ chemical reaction.
speed up
The initiators found in polymer powder, when activated by a catalyst will spring into action and cause monomer molecules to permanently link together into ___________
long polymer chains
Compared to acne treatments, nail powders contain ________
less benzoyl peroxide
It is recommended that you mix 1 1/2 part monomer liquid with 1 part polymer powder to create a _______ bead.
medium
The amount of monomer liquid and polymer powder used to create a bead is called the ______
mix ratio
In general, _______ beads are the ideal mix ratio for working with monomer liquids and polymer powders.
medium
Nail ______ remove surface moisture and tiny amounts of oil left on the natural nail plate
dehydrators
Nail dehydrator should be applied liberally to the _______ only
nail plate
Nail ______ is used on the natural nail prior to product application to assist in adhesion
primer
When applying an acid-based nail primer, it is recommended that you use ________
a light dotting action
A medium grit abrasive is not recommended for __________
finish filling of the nail
Nail forms generally are not made of ________
fiberglass
Which type of nail form can be disinfected?
Plastic
The special container used to hold the monomer liquid and polymer powder as you work is called a _________
dampen dish
The best nail brush to use with monomer liquid and polymer powder enhancement products is composed of natural Kolinsky _________, or a blend of both
sable
Unused monomer that has been removed from the original should be ______________
poured into an absorbent paper towel and placed in a plastic bag
When a nail tech files a damaged section of a monomer liquid and polymer powder enhancement and refills it with the appropriate products, it is called a _________
crack repair
A dry mix ratio creates a bead that looks ______ on the brush
frosted
Odorless products harden more slowly and creates a tacky layer called the ________
inhibition layer
The apex of the nail is also known as the _______
arch
The apex is usually what shape?
Oval
The area where the natural nail grows beyond the finger and becomes the free edge is known as the _______
stress area
The length of the nail extensions and enhancements should be the same on _______
the index, middle, and ring fingers
The C-curve of the nail enhancement depends on the C-curve of the natural nail, which is on average _______ percent
35
Some manufacturers make a ______ that brushes on to cure the tacky inhibition layer that must be applied immediately after creating the odorless product enhancement.
resin
Nail artistry with colored polymer powder is limited only by _______
your imagination
When performing a one-color monomer and polymer nail enhancement application, it is recommended that you apply _______ after using a pusher to push back the eponychium and filing to remove the shine.
nail dehydrator
When acid-free primer dries on the nail, it will be _________
sticky and shiny
When performing a one-color monomer and polymer enhancement application, it is recommended that the first bead of monomer and polymer applied to the nail be _______
medium to dry
After applying the first bead of product during a monomer and polymer enhancement application, you should use the _______ of your brush to press and smooth the product.
middle portion
To perform a two color monomer liquid and polymer powder nail enhancement with forms, you will need nail dehydrator, nail forms, enhancement products, primer abrasives, brushes, and _________
dappen dishes
Acid based nail primer will dry to a ________
Chalky white
When performing a two color monomer and polymer enhancement application, the application mush be ________ at the cuticle line.
thin
After the application of the two color monomer and polymer enhancement, it is recommended that you file the underside of the nail extensions and then glide the abrasive over the nail with _________
long, sweeping strokes
When performing a one color monomer and polymer enhancement maintenance service, what should you do it there is excessive, loose nail enhancement product and lifting?
Soak off the enhancement and start fresh with a new application
When performing a two color monomer and polymer nail enhancement, use the tip of the brush to push ________ into place and wipe the edge until a crisp rounded line is achieved.
the smile line
Which of following do you need to perform a crack repair on a monomer and polymer enhancement, but not to perform a standard monomer and polymer maintenance service ?
Nail forms
When performing a monomer and polymer crack repair, you must apply ______ after applying nail dehydrator .
nail primer to any exposed natural nail in the crack
When removing monomer and polymer enhancements, the client’s nails should soak in the acetone for _______ or as long as needed to remove the enhancement product.
20-30 minutes
