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Nutrition Exam 1 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Organic molecules needed in very small amounts for cellular metabolism

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2
Q

Vitamins perform what?

A

Specific metabolic functions

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3
Q

Vitamins are essential nutrients to be provided by what?

A

Diet

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4
Q

What are water soluble vitamins?

A

B complex vitamins
Choline
Vitamin C

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5
Q

What are characteristics of water soluble vitamins?

A
  • Minimal storage

- deficiencies develop more -quickly usually low risk of toxicity

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6
Q

What are fat soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamin A
vitamin D
vitamin E
vitamin K

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7
Q

What are characteristics of fat soluble vitamins?

A

-Excess stored in body -deficiencies longer to develop -greater risk of toxicity

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8
Q

Vitamins are in almost all foods but it is best to consume vitamins from what?

A

Food sources

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9
Q

synthetic vitamins (supplements) perform same vitamin function but may lack what?

A

Other benefits found in foods

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10
Q

What are phytochemicals?

A

Non-nutritive substances in plant-based foods that appear to have disease fighting properties

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11
Q

What is the function of Thiamine (B1)?

A

Coenzyme for energy metabolism.

Role in muscle contraction and conduction of nerve cells.

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12
Q

What are types of thiamine deficiency’s?

A

Beriberi: ataxia and tachycardia

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13
Q

What is the toxicity of thiamine?

A

Nontoxic

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14
Q

What is the function of riboflavin (B2)?

A

Coenzyme in energy release

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15
Q

What are riboflavin deficiencies?

A

Ariboflavinosis: cheilosis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis

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16
Q

What is what is the toxicity of riboflavin?

A

Non-toxic

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17
Q

What is the function of niacin(B3)?

A

Energy metabolism

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18
Q

What are niacin deficiencies?

A

Pellagra: the 3 ads: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

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19
Q

What is the toxicity of Niacin?

A

Causes vasodilation and Flushing effect

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20
Q

What is the function of pyridoxine (B6)?

A

Coenzyme in metabolism of amino acids and proteins

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21
Q

What are pyridoxine deficiencies?

A

Accompanies low intakes of other B vitamins

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22
Q

What is the toxicity of pyridoxine?

A

UL 100 mg/day

-Megadose supplementation may cause ataxia and sensory neuropathy

23
Q

What is the function of folate (B9)?

A
  • Required for synthesis amino acids, DNA and RNA
  • forms the heme portion of hemoglobin
  • Role in proper formation of fetal neural tube affecting brain and spinal cord
24
Q

What are folate deficiencies?

A

-Results in megaloblastic anemia, glossitis, diarrhea, irritability, absentmindedness,
depression, anxiety
-drug nutrient interactions: Anticonvulsants, oral contraceptives, aspirin

25
Q

What is the toxicity of folate?

A

UL 1000 mcg folic acid (excessive intake may mask B12 deficiency)

26
Q

What is the function of cobalamin (B12)?

A
  • Required for metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids

- Develops and maintains Myelin sheaths around nerve fibers

27
Q

what are colabamin deficiencies?

A

Results in megaloblastic anemia or pernicious anemia

28
Q

What is the toxicity of cobalamin?

A

Unknown

29
Q

What is the function of biotin (B7)?

A

Important role in CHO, fat, and protein metabolism

30
Q

What are Biotin deficiencies?

A

-Possible with intravenous feeding’s, long-term anabiotic use, and consumption of language

31
Q

What is the biotin toxicity?

A

Unknown

32
Q

What is the function of pantothenic acid (B5)?

A

Metabolism of carbohydrates fats and proteins

33
Q

what are pantothenic acid deficiencies?

A

Unknown

34
Q

what is the toxicity of pantothenic acid?

A

10 to 20 g may produce diarrhea or water retention

35
Q

What is the function of choline?

A

Synthesis of acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) and lecithin (The phospholipid)

36
Q

What is the toxicity of choline?

A 
UL of 3500 mg adults 
Symptoms include
 sweating 
fishy body odor 
vomiting 
liver damage 
reduced growth
 low blood pressure
37
Q

What is the function of vitamin C

A
  • Antioxidant and coenzyme
  • Wound healing: collagen formation
  • Enhances absorption of nonheme iron -evidence does not support reduced incidence of common cold:Supplementation may decrease ration and severity of symptoms
38
Q

What are deficiencies of vitamin C

A
  • Scurvy
  • marginal deficiencies are poor wound health
  • gingivitis
  • in adequate tooth and bone growth and maintenance
  • increased risk of infection
39
Q

What is the toxicity of vitamin C

A

UL 2000mg adults; 400mg to 1800mg for children and adolescents

-Chronic supplement result in cramps, diarrhea, nausea, kidney stones, gout, may interfere with anti-clotting medication

40
Q

What is the function of vitamin A

A 
Maintains skin and mucous membranes 
Vision 
bone growth 
immune system function 
normal reproduction
41
Q

What are vitamin a deficiency’s

A
  • Xerophthalmia: ranges from night blindness to keratomalacia
  • immune system impaired
  • respiratory infections diarrhea and other G.I. disturbances
  • Growth inhibited; limited bone growth
42
Q

What is vitamin a toxicity

A

Hypervitaminosis and

Excess beta carotene

43
Q

What is the function of vitamin D

A

Absorption of calcium and phosphorus, affects bone mineralization

44
Q

What are vitamin D deficiencies

A
  • Children:Ricketts
  • adults:osteomalacia
  • osteoporosis
45
Q

What is the toxicity of vitamin D

A

UL of vitamin D 100 mcg (4000 IU)

46
Q

What is the function of vitamin E

A

Antioxidant

47
Q

What are vitamin D deficiencies

A

Primary deficiency is rare but symptoms include neurologic disorders and anemia due to hemolysis of RBCs

48
Q

What is the toxicity of vitamin E?

A

UL of 1000mg a-TE

49
Q

What is the function of vitamin K

A

Synthesis of blood clotting factors and contributes to pro team formation in Bone, kidney, and plasma

50
Q

What are vitamin K deficiency’s

A

Inhibits blood coagulation,

newborns given intramuscular injection to prevent hemorrhagic disease

51
Q

What is the toxicity of vitamin K

A

Excess amounts of supplements decrease effectiveness of anticoagulant medications and may increase stroke risk

52
Q

What are ways to overcome barriers of proper vitamin intake

A

Swallowing a pill and rethinking vitamin supplementation

53
Q

Which of the following or water soluble vitamins and must therefore be consumed on a more regular basis?

A. Vitamins C, E , A
B. Vitamins K, E, D
C. Vitamins C, folate, B
D. Vitamins K, E, folate

A

C

Nutrition Exam 1 (7 decks)

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