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Nutrition Exam 1 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Protein in food is the only source of what?

A

Amino acids

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2
Q

Amino acids are necessary to what?

A

Make the thousands of proteins that form every aspect of the human body.

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3
Q

What are proteins?

A

Organic compounds formed from chains of amino acids.

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4
Q

Both animal and plant proteins are made up of how many amino acids?

A

20 (each)

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5
Q

How many essential amino acids are there? (EEAs)

A

9

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6
Q

How many nonessential amino acids are there? (NEAAs)

A

11

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7
Q

How does the mouth aid in digestion and absorption?

A

Site of only mechanical digestion of protein

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8
Q

How does the stomach aid in digestion and absorption of protein?

A
  • Stomach mucosa secretes pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid (HCL) forming gastric protease pepsin.
  • Pepsin breaks down protein into polypeptides that pass through the small intestine
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9
Q

How does the small intestine aid in digestion and absorption of protein?

A

Small intestine and pancreas produce enzymes which break down polypeptides into amino acids

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10
Q

What are components of protein metabolism?

A

Catabolism
Metabolism
Deamination

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11
Q

Catabolism (break down) begins where and through what?

A

Begins in liver cells through deamination.

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12
Q

Most protein functions are a result of what?

A

Of protein anabolism (synthesis) in cells.

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13
Q

Describe protein deamination.

A

Liver breaking down proteins; some parts used for energy, some excreted in urine.

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14
Q

What effects does protein excess have?

A

-increased deamination, May result in high keto acids.
(Stress on liver and kidneys

-Health effects:
Increased risk of CAD
Some cancers
Potentially osteoporosis

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15
Q

What are functions of protein?

A
  • growth and maintenance
  • creation of communication and catalysts
  • immune systems response
  • fluid and electrolyte regulation
  • acid-base balance
  • transportation
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16
Q

What are food sources of protein?

A

-Complete proteins: contains all 9 essential amino acids

-high quality protein: contains best balance and assortment of essential and nonessential amino acids for protein synthesis
(Highest quality= eggs and human milk)

-incomplete protein: lacks one or more essential amino acids
(Better source grains and legumes)

17
Q

What is a vegan dietary plan?

A

No animal-derived foods consumed

18
Q

What is a lacto-vegetarian dietary pattern?

A

Only animal-derbies foods consumed are dairy products

19
Q

What is ovo-lacto vegetarian dietary plan?

A

Only animal-derived foods eaten are dairy products and eggs

20
Q

What is flexitarian?

A

Eat meat from time to time

21
Q

What is pescatarian?

A

Eat fish

22
Q

What are health benefits of being vegetarian?

A
  • lower intake of total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol
  • high in fiber
  • reduces risk of obesity, CVD,type 2 DM, hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, and certain cancers
23
Q

What are other benefits of vegetarianism?

A

Spiritual

Economic/environmental

24
Q

What are drawback of vegetarianism?

A

Potential deficiencies
Effects on social health
(MyPlate includes support for vegetarianism)

25
Q

Americans typically eat more protein than necessary, how is change to this happening?

A

Restructuring the dinner plate

  • deemphasizing protein foods
  • deck of cards: animal size protein
26
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

Imbalanced nutrient and/or energy intake. Over-or under-consumption

27
Q

What are two types of protein energy malnutrition? (PEM)

A
  • Marasmus

- Kwashiorkor

28
Q

What is Marasmus?

A

Low amount of calories (deficient in everything)

29
Q

What is kwashiorkor?

A

Enough calories but less protein

30
Q

Who are at risk for malnutrition?

A
  • Homeless
  • Older adults
  • Hospital malnutrition: latrogenic malnutrition
  • working poor
31
Q

Chronic hunger results from what?

A
  • continual experience of undernutrition for populations (not enough to eat)
  • worsens and grows as economies tighten
32
Q

The client asks what foods are rich in protein and less expensive than meat. Which of the following foods would the nurse recommended she eat more of?

A. Bread and cereals
B. Legumes
C. Fruit and vegetables
D. Fish and shellfish

A

B

33
Q

Someone who practices a vegan lifestyle is most likely to be deficient in which nutrient?

A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin C
C. Potassium
D. Glucose

A

A

Nutrition Exam 1 (7 decks)

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