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PSYC 101 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Memory

A

Retention of information over time

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2
Q

Paradox of Memory

A

Our memories are surprisingly good in some situations and surprisingly poor in others

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3
Q

Memory Illusion

A

False but subjectively compelling memory

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4
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Brief storage of perceptual information before it is passed to short term memory

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5
Q

Iconic Memory

A

Visual sensory memory

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6
Q

Echoic Memory

A

Auditory sensory memory

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7
Q

Short-term Memory

A

Memory system that retains information for limited durations

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8
Q

Decay

A

Fading of information from memory over time

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9
Q

Interference

A

Loss of information from memory because of competition from additional information

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10
Q

Retroactive Interference

A

Interference with rention of old information due to acquisition of new information

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11
Q

Proactive Interference

A

Interference with acquisition of newe information due to previous learning ofinformation

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12
Q

Magic Number

A

The span of short term memory, according to George Miller: Seven plus or minus two pieces

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13
Q

Chunking

A

Organizing information into meaningful groupings, allowing us to extend the span of short-term memory

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14
Q

Rehearsal

A

Repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short-term memory and promote the likelihood of transfer to long-term memory

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15
Q

Maintenance Rehearsal

A

Repeating stimuli in their original form to retain them in short term memory

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16
Q

Elaborative Rehearsal

A

Linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention of information in short-term memory

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17
Q

Levels of Processing

A

Depth of transforming information, which influences how well we remember it

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18
Q

Long-term Memory

A

Relatively enduring retention of information stored regarding our facts, experiences and skills

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19
Q

Permastore

A

Type of long-term memory that appears to be permanent

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20
Q

Primacy Effect

A

Tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well

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21
Q

Recency Effect

A

Tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well

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22
Q

Von Restorff Effect

A

Tendency to remember stilumi that are distinctive from other stimuli

23
Q

Serial Position Curve

A

Graph depicting both primacy and recency effects on people’s ability to recall items on a list

24
Q

Semantic Memory

A

Our knowledge of facts about the world

25
Q

Episodic Memory

A

Recollection of events in our lives

26
Q

Explicit Memory

A

Memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness

27
Q

Implicit Memory

A

Memories we don’t deliberately remember or reflect on consciously

28
Q

Procedural Memory

A

Memory for how to do things, including motor skills and habits

29
Q

Priming

A

Our ability to identify a stimulus more easily or more quickly after we’ve encountered similar stimuli

30
Q

Encoding

A

Process of getting information into our memory banks

31
Q

Mnemonic

A

A learning aid that enhances recall

32
Q

Storage

A

Process of keeping information in memory

33
Q

Schema

A

Organized knowledge structure or mental model that we’ve stored in memory

34
Q

Retrieval

A

Reactivation or reconstruction of experiences from our memory stores

35
Q

Retrieval cues

A

Hints that makes it easier for us to recall information

36
Q

Recall

A

Generating previously remembered information

37
Q

Recognition

A

Selecting previously remembered information from an array of options

38
Q

Relearning

A

Reacquiring knowledge that we’d previously learned but largely forgotten overtime

39
Q

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

A

Experience of knowing that we know something but being unable to access it

40
Q

Encoding Specificity

A

Phenomenon of remembering something better when the conditions under which we retrieve information are soimilar to the conditions under which we learned it

41
Q

Context-Dependent Learning

A

Superior retrieval of memories when the external context if the original memories matches the retrieval context

42
Q

State-Dependent Learning

A

Superior retrieval of memories when the organism is in the same physiological or psychological state as it was during encoding

43
Q

Long-term Potentiation

A

Long-lasting strengthening of the connections between two neurons after synchronous activation

44
Q

Long-term Depression

A

Long-lasting weakening of the connections between two neurons after low patterns of activation

45
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

Loss of memories from our past

46
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

Inability to encode new memories from our experiences

47
Q

Meta-memory

A

Knowledge about our own memory abilities and limitations

48
Q

Infantile Amnesia

A

Inability of adults to remember personal experiences that took place at an early age

49
Q

Flashbulb Memory

A

Emotional memory that is extraordinarily vivid and detailed

50
Q

Source monitoring confusion

A

Lack of clarity about the origin of the memory

51
Q

Cryptoamnesia

A

Failure to recognize that our ideas originated with someone else

52
Q

Suggestive memory techniques

A

Procedure that encourages patients to recall memories that may or may not have taken place

53
Q

Misinformation effect

A

Creation of fictitious memories by providing misleading information about an event after it takes place

PSYC 101 (11 decks)

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