Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 101 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Prefrontal Lobotomy

A

Surgical procedure that severs fibres connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Heuristic

A

A mental shortcut, Rule of Thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

Watching behaviour in real-world settings without trying to manipulate people’s behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Internal Validity

A

The extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

External Validity

A

The extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Case Study

A

Researchers examine one person or a small number of people, oftenover an extended period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Existence Proofs

A

Demonstration that a given psychological phenomenon can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Random Selection

A

Every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Reliability

A

Consistency of measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Validity

A

Extent to which a measure assesses what it claims to measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Correlational Design

A

Examine the extent to which two variables are associated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Illusory Correlation

A

The perception of a statistical association between two variables where none exists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Experiment

A

Research design characterized with random assignment of participants to conditions and manipulation of an IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Random Assignment

A

Randomly sorting participants into groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Exprimental Group

A

The group of participants in an experiment that receives manipulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Control Group

A

The group of participants in an experiment that doesn’t receive manipulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Operational Definition

A

A working definition of what a researcher is measuring

18
Q

Placebo

A

Improvement resulting from the mere expectation of improvement

19
Q

Blind

A

Unaware of whether one is in the experimental or control group

20
Q

Experimenter Expectancy Effect

A

Phenomenon where researchers’ hypotheses lead them to unintentionally bias theoutcome of a study

21
Q

Double-Blind

A

Neither researchers nor participants are aware of who’s in the experimental or control group

22
Q

Demand Characteristics

A

Cues that participants pick up that allow them to generate a guess on the researcher’s hypothesis

23
Q

Informed Consent

A

Informing research participants of what is involved in a study before asking them to participate

24
Q

Central Tendency

A

Measure of the central scores in a data set

25
Q

Mean

A

Average

26
Q

Median

A

Middle score in a data set

27
Q

Mode

A

Most frequent score

28
Q

Variability

A

How loosely or tightly bunched scores are

29
Q

Range

A

Difference between the highest and lowest scores

30
Q

Standard Deviation

A

Measure of variability that takes into account how far each data point is from the mean

31
Q

Inferential Statistics

A

Methods that allow us to determine whether we can generalize findings from our sample to the full population

32
Q

Base Rate

A

How common a characteristic or behaviour is in the general population

33
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

high in external validity

34
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

low in internal validity. Doesn’t allow us to infer causation

35
Q

case studies

A

can provide existence proofs. Allows us to study rare or unusual phenomena. Can offer insights for later systemic testing

36
Q

case studies

A

are typically anecdotal. Don’t allow us to infer causation

37
Q

Correlational Design

A

can help us to predict behavious

38
Q

Correlational Design

A

don’t allow us to infer causation

39
Q

experimental designs

A

allow us to infer causation. High in internal validity

40
Q

experimental designs

A

can sometimes be low in external validity

PSYC 101 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions