Chapter 5 Flashcards
Sleep Paralysis
State of being unable to move just before falling asleep or right before waking up
Consciousness
our subjective experience of the world, our bodies and mental perspectives
Circadian Rhythm
Cyclical changes that occur on roughly 24H basis in many biological processes
Biological Clock
Term for the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus that’s responsible for controlling our levels of alertness
Rapid Eye Movement (REM)
Darting of eyes undrneath closed eyelids during sleep
Non-REM (NREM) Sleep
Stages 1-4 of the sleep cycle, during which rapid eye movements don’t occur and dreaming is less frequent and vivid
REM sleep
Stage of sleep furing which the brain is most active and vivid dreaming most often occurs
Lucid Dreaming
Experience of becoming aware that one is sleeping
Insomnia
Difficulty falling and staying asleep
Narcolepsy
Disorder characterized by the rapid and often unexpected onset of sleep
Sleep Apnea
Disorder caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep, resulting in daytime fatigue
Night Terrors
Sudden waking episodes characterized by screaming, perspiring, and confusion followed by a return to a deep sleep
Sleepwalking
Walking while fully asleep
Activation-Synthesis Theory
Theory that dreams reflect inputs from the brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story
Neurocognitive Theory
Theory that Dewams are a meaningful product of our cognitive capacities, which shape what we dream about
Out-of-Body Experience
Sense of our consciousness leaving our body
Near-Death Experience
Out-of-body experience reported by people who’ve nearly died or thought they were going to die
Deja Vu
Feeling of reliving an experience that’s new
Mystical Experience
Feelings of unity or oneness with the world, often with strong spiritual overtones
Hypnosis
Set of techniques that provides people with suggestions for alterations in their perceptions, thoughts, deelings and behabiours
Past Life Regression Therapy
Therapeutic approach that hypnotizes and supposedly age-regresses patients to a previous life to identify the source of a present-day problem
Sociocognitive Theory
Approach to explaining hypnosis based on people’s attitides, beliefs, and expectations
Dissociation Theory
Approach to explaining hypnosis based on a seperation between personality functions that are normally well integrated
Psychoactive Drugs
Substance that contains chemicals similar to those found naturally in our brains that alter consciousness by changing chemical processes in neurons
Tolerance
Reduction in the effect of a drug as a result of repeated use, requiring users to consume greater quantities to achieve the same effect
Withdrawal
Unpleasant effects of reducing or stopping consumption of a drug that users had consumed habitually
Physical Dependence
Dependence on a drug occurs when people continue to take it to avoid withdrawal symptoms
Psychological Dependence
Dependence on a drug that occurs when continued use of the drug is motivated by intense cravings
Sedative
Drug that exerts a calming effect
Hypnotic
Drug that exerts a sleep-inducing effect
Stimulant
Drug that incrases activity in the central nervous system, including heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure
Narcotic
Drug that relieves pain and induces sleep
Hallucinogenic
Causing dramatic alterations of perception, mood and thought
