Chapter 5

Question 1

Sleep Paralysis

Answer 1

State of being unable to move just before falling asleep or right before waking up

Question 2

Consciousness

Answer 2

our subjective experience of the world, our bodies and mental perspectives

Question 3

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 3

Cyclical changes that occur on roughly 24H basis in many biological processes

Question 4

Biological Clock

Answer 4

Term for the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus that’s responsible for controlling our levels of alertness

Question 5

Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

Answer 5

Darting of eyes undrneath closed eyelids during sleep

Question 6

Non-REM (NREM) Sleep

Answer 6

Stages 1-4 of the sleep cycle, during which rapid eye movements don’t occur and dreaming is less frequent and vivid

Question 7

REM sleep

Answer 7

Stage of sleep furing which the brain is most active and vivid dreaming most often occurs

Question 8

Lucid Dreaming

Answer 8

Experience of becoming aware that one is sleeping

Question 9

Insomnia

Answer 9

Difficulty falling and staying asleep

Question 10

Narcolepsy

Answer 10

Disorder characterized by the rapid and often unexpected onset of sleep

Question 11

Sleep Apnea

Answer 11

Disorder caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep, resulting in daytime fatigue

Question 12

Night Terrors

Answer 12

Sudden waking episodes characterized by screaming, perspiring, and confusion followed by a return to a deep sleep

Question 13

Sleepwalking

Answer 13

Walking while fully asleep

Question 14

Activation-Synthesis Theory

Answer 14

Theory that dreams reflect inputs from the brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story

Question 15

Neurocognitive Theory

Answer 15

Theory that Dewams are a meaningful product of our cognitive capacities, which shape what we dream about

Question 16

Out-of-Body Experience

Answer 16

Sense of our consciousness leaving our body

Question 17

Near-Death Experience

Answer 17

Out-of-body experience reported by people who’ve nearly died or thought they were going to die

Question 18

Deja Vu

Answer 18

Feeling of reliving an experience that’s new

Question 19

Mystical Experience

Answer 19

Feelings of unity or oneness with the world, often with strong spiritual overtones

Question 20

Hypnosis

Answer 20

Set of techniques that provides people with suggestions for alterations in their perceptions, thoughts, deelings and behabiours

Question 21

Past Life Regression Therapy

Answer 21

Therapeutic approach that hypnotizes and supposedly age-regresses patients to a previous life to identify the source of a present-day problem

Question 22

Sociocognitive Theory

Answer 22

Approach to explaining hypnosis based on people’s attitides, beliefs, and expectations

Question 23

Dissociation Theory

Answer 23

Approach to explaining hypnosis based on a seperation between personality functions that are normally well integrated

Question 24

Psychoactive Drugs

Answer 24

Substance that contains chemicals similar to those found naturally in our brains that alter consciousness by changing chemical processes in neurons

Question 25

Tolerance

Answer 25

Reduction in the effect of a drug as a result of repeated use, requiring users to consume greater quantities to achieve the same effect

Question 26

Withdrawal

Answer 26

Unpleasant effects of reducing or stopping consumption of a drug that users had consumed habitually

Question 27

Physical Dependence

Answer 27

Dependence on a drug occurs when people continue to take it to avoid withdrawal symptoms

Question 28

Psychological Dependence

Answer 28

Dependence on a drug that occurs when continued use of the drug is motivated by intense cravings

Question 29

Sedative

Answer 29

Drug that exerts a calming effect

Question 30

Hypnotic

Answer 30

Drug that exerts a sleep-inducing effect

Question 31

Stimulant

Answer 31

Drug that incrases activity in the central nervous system, including heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure

Question 32

Narcotic

Answer 32

Drug that relieves pain and induces sleep

Question 33

Hallucinogenic

Answer 33

Causing dramatic alterations of perception, mood and thought