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Bio 110 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Enthalpy

A

Total Potential Energy

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2
Q

Entrophy

A

The measure of the disorder or randomness of energy

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3
Q

1st Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Energy can be transferred or converted from one form to another, including conversions between matter and energy

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4
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

A

When energy is converted from one form to another, some usable energy (energy available to do work) is converted into heat that disperses into the surroundings

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5
Q

Enzyme

A

Increase speed of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction

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6
Q

Endergonic

A

A reaction in which there is a gain of free energy; Positive

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7
Q

Exergonic

A

Releases energy and is a downhill reaction from higher to lower free energy; Negative; a certain about of activation energy required to initiate every reaction

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8
Q

Redox

A

Substance gains electrons; transfer of a hydrogen atom

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9
Q

Oxidation

A

Substance looses electrons

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10
Q

Electron Carriers

A

NAD, FAD and Cytochromes

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11
Q

Metabolic Pathway

A

The product of one enzyme-controlled reaction serves as substrate for the next in series of reactions

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12
Q

Allosteric Inhibitors

A

Keep the enzyme in its inactive shape

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13
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions taking place in an organism

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14
Q

Anabolism

A

Pathways in which complex molecules are synthesized from simpler substances

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15
Q

Catabolism

A

Pathways in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones

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16
Q

Enthalpy

A

Total potential energy

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17
Q

Allosteric Activators

A

Result in a functional active site

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18
Q

Catabolism

A

Releases energy by splitting complex molecules into smaller components

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19
Q

Anabolism

A

Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler building blocks

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20
Q

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

A

Catabolic processes convert energy in chemical bonds of nutrients to chemical energy stored in ATP

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21
Q

Anarobic Respiration

A

Does not require oxygen

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22
Q

Fermentation

A

Does not require oxygen, does not require ETC

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23
Q

Substrate

A

What the enzyme acts upon

24
Q

Gycolysis takes place in the _____

A

Cytosol

25
Q

In Gycolysis it yields ______

A

2 Pyruvates (carbon molecules) 2 ATP 2 NADH

26
Q

In the Formation of Acetyl CoA it yields_______

A

2 NADH 2 CO2 2 Acetyl - No ATP

27
Q

Krebs Cycle (TCA) (Citric Acid) takes place in the

A

Mitochondria

28
Q

In the Kreb cycle, acetyl CoA bonds to ______

A

Oxaloacetate

29
Q

1 Turn of the Kreb Cycle yields ______

A

1 FADH2 3 NADH 2 CO2 1 ATP

30
Q

2 Turns of the Kreb Cycle yields ____________

A

2 FADH2 6 NADH 4 CO2 2 ATP

31
Q

Purpose of the Kreb Cycle is to ____

A

Metabolize glucose and produce NADH and FADH2

32
Q

What type of reactions is the ETC?

A

Redox

33
Q

Complex I

A

Accepts electrons from NADH and transfers to ubiquinone

34
Q

Complex II

A

Accepts electrons from FADH2 and transfers to ubiquinone

35
Q

Complex III

A

Accepts electrons from reduced ubiquinone and pass them to cytochrome c

36
Q

Complex IV

A

Cytochrome transfers to oxygen forming water

37
Q

Complex V

A

Protons diffuse from the inter-membrane space to the matrix through the enzyme complex ATP synthase

38
Q

An entire Aerobic respiration produces

A

4 ATP 10 NADH 2 FADH2

39
Q

ETC yeilds

A

1 NADH 3 ATP FADH2

40
Q

Photons

A

Light is composed of small paritcles or packets

41
Q

Mesophyll can be found in

A

Chloroplasts

42
Q

Stomata

A

Where gas exchange occurs

43
Q

Photosynthesis is divided in two phases

A

Light dependent reactions and Carbon fixation reactions (Independent)

44
Q

Light Dependent

A

Photosystems 2 - 680 ; Hydrolysis and oxygen is released

45
Q

Light dependent is cyclic or noncyclic?

A

Noncyclic

46
Q

Carbon fixation

A

Fixing carbons

Also known as the calvin cycle

47
Q

Purpose of Carbon fixation

A

Make sugar

48
Q

In Calvin cycle CO2 binds with

A

RuBp

49
Q

Light dependent reactions yield ____

A

6 O2 12 NADPH 18 ATP

50
Q

Noncyclic Electron Transport produce

A

ATP and NADH

51
Q

Photosystem I

A

Makes ATP

52
Q

Cyclic transport

A

uses PS 1

53
Q

Calvin Cycle is cyclic or noncyclic?

A

Cyclic

54
Q

Caleries per gram for proteins is

A

4

55
Q

Calories per gram for carbs

A

4

56
Q

Calories per gram for lipids is

A

9

Bio 110 (9 decks)

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