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Bio 110 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A 19th century monk who began the scientific study of inheritance through his breeding of pea plants

A

Gregor Mendel

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2
Q

Transmission of genetic info from parent to offspring, follows predictable patterns

A

Heredity

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3
Q

The science of heredity; studying genetic similarities and variation, differences between parents and offspring or among individuals of a population

A

Genetics

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4
Q

Plants and animals who are offspring of two genetically dissimilar parents

A

Hybrid

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5
Q

All hybrid plants that are offspring of genetically pure parents are ____ in appearance

A

Similar

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6
Q

When hybrids mate with each other, they do not breed true; ______

A

Offspring show a mixture of traits

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7
Q

The physical appearance of an organism

A

Phenotype

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8
Q

The genetic make up

A

Genotype

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9
Q

The parental generation are genetically pure individuals

A

P generation

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10
Q

The first generation of offspring all looked alike and resembled one of the two parents

A

F1 Generation

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11
Q

The second generation resulted from a cross between F1 individuals or by self pollination of F1 individuals

A

F2 generation

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12
Q

Units of heredity that affect an organism’s traits

A

Genes

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13
Q

A DNA sequence in a chromosome that contains the information to make an RNA or protein product with a specific function

A

Genes

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14
Q

The site a gene occupies in the chromosome

A

Lucus

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15
Q

Different forms of a particular gene which occupy corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes

A

Alleles

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16
Q

Two identical Alleles

A

Homozygous

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17
Q

Two different Alleles

A

Heterozygous

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18
Q

A cross between homozygous parents with different alleles

A

Monohybrid

19
Q

Parents differ at two loci

A

Dihybrid cross

20
Q

A grid arrangement that shows the possible combinations of alleles

A

Punnet Square

21
Q

Cross an individual of unknown genotype with a recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype

A

Test Cross

22
Q

Assume genes are linearly arranged in specific locations along chromosomes

A

Chromosomes theory of inheritance

23
Q

He and his students demonstrated genes are arranged in a linear order on each chromosome

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

24
Q

The sex of humans and other mammals is determined by the sex chromosomes

A

X and Y

25
Q

Normal females have ____ chromosomes

A

XX

26
Q

Normal males have ______ chromosomes

A

XY

27
Q

____ chromosome contains important genes unrelated to sex determination required for both sexes

A

X

28
Q

____ chromosome determines male sex in mammals

A

Y

29
Q

_____ gene on the Y chromosome is the genetic switch causing testes to develop in the fetus

A

SRY

30
Q

A mechanism that allows males and females to produce the same amounts of proteins coded by X-linked genes

A

Dosage Compensation

31
Q

A dense, metabolically inactive X chromosome

A

Barr Body

32
Q

The heterozygote is intermediate in phenotype

A

Incomplete dominance

33
Q

The heterozygote simultaneously express phenotypes of both homozygotes

A

Codominance

34
Q

The ability of one gene to have several effects on different characters

A

Pleiotrophy

35
Q

An allele of one locus can mask the expression of alleles of a different locus and express their own phenotype instead

A

Epistasis

36
Q

The range of phenotypic possibilities that can develop from a single genotype under different environmental conditions

A

Norm of Reaction

37
Q

What is the Dihybrid ratio?

A

9:3:3:1

38
Q

The paired genes separate prior to the formation of reproductive cells

A

Principle of segregation

39
Q

Each factor is passed to the next generation independently from all other factors

A

Principle of independent assortment

40
Q

Chromosomes swapping genetic information at the synaspe

A

Cross over

41
Q

What are mitotic spindles made of >

A

Microtubles

42
Q

Exchange of genetic information

A

Cross over

43
Q

Which cross is F1 Offspring

A

Dihybrid cross

Bio 110 (9 decks)

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