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Bio 110 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Separates its external environment from the outside world. Regulates passage of materials in and out of the cell; helps maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

Amphipathic Molecules

A

Contains two hydrophobic fatty acid chains linked to two of the three carbons of a glycerol is a negatively charged, hydrophilic phosphate group, linked to a polar, hydrophilic organic group

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3
Q

Phospholipids form bilayers of two distinct groups

A

One strongly hydrophobic and one strongly hydrophilic

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4
Q

Cylindrical Shape

A

Allow phospholipids to associate with water most easily as a bilayer

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5
Q

Amphipathic molecules with different shapes ten to form

A

Spherical structures in water

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6
Q

TEM of red blood cell

A

Hydrophilic heads of phospholipids are the parallel dark lines
Hydrophobic tails are the light zone between them

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7
Q

Phosopholipids bilayers behave like

A

Liquid crystals

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8
Q

Membrane fluidity depends on its

A

Component lipids

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9
Q

Biological membranes fuse and form

A

Closed vessicles

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10
Q

Can fuse with other bilayers, allowing vesicles to transfer materials from one compartment to another, or secrete a product from the cell

A

Biological Membranes

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11
Q

Integral Membrane Proteins

A

Amphipathic proteins firmly bound to the membrane

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12
Q

Transmembrane Proteins

A

Integral proteins that extend completely through the membrane

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13
Q

Peripheral Membrane Proteins

A

Located on inner or outer surface of plasma membranes, bound to exposed regions of integral proteins

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14
Q

A specific external domain of an instrinsic membrane protein is always found on the ____ of the membrane

A

Same side

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15
Q

Proteins associated with the membrane specialize for many essential activities

A
  • Anchor the cell to its substrate
  • Transport molecules across the membrane
  • Catalyze enzymatic reactions near the cell surface
  • Receive information from other cells in the form of chemical or electrical signals
  • Serve as a identification tag
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16
Q

By regulating chemical traffic across its plasma membrane, a cell controls its

A

Volume and its internal ionic and molecular composition

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17
Q

Biological membranes are most permeable to

A

Small nonpolar molecules

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18
Q

The lipid bilayer is relatively impermeable to

A

Charged ions and most large polar molecules

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19
Q

Transport Porteins

A

Move ions, amino acids, sugars and other needed polar molecules through membranes

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20
Q

Two main types of transport proteins

A

Carrier and Channel

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21
Q

Bind the ion or molecules and change shape, moving the molecule across the membrane

A

Carrier Protein Transporters

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22
Q

Transfer of solutes by carrier proteins located within the membrane

A

Carrier Mediated Transport

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23
Q

ABC Transporters

A

Use energy donated by ATP to transport certain ions, sugars and polypeptides

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24
Q

Channel Proteins

A

Forms pores in membrane. Cells regualte passage of materilas through the channels. Channels transport water and specific types of ions.

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25
Q

Porins

A

Transmembrane channel proteins that allow solutes or water to pass through membranes

26
Q

Aquaporins

A

Gated water channels that allow rapid transport of water through the plasma membrane

27
Q

Diffusion

A

The random motion of particles resulting in net movement “down” their own concentration gradient

28
Q

If particles in a liquid or gas are not evenly distributed, then regions exist that have a higher or lower concentration of particles, forming a

A

Concentration Gradient

29
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water: the net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher concentration of water to a region of lower concentration

30
Q

Osmotic pressure of a solution is exerted on the side of the membrane containing the

A

Higher concentration

31
Q

Isotonic

A

No net movement of water molecules occurs between cell and surrounding fluid

32
Q

Hypertonic

A

A high concentration of solutes exists outside the cell

Cell will lose water and shrink

33
Q

Hypotonic

A

A lower concentration of solutes exists outside the cell

Cell will gain water and swell

34
Q

Most prokaryotic, algae, plants, and fungi have rigid cell walls that can withstand a ____ solution without bursting

A

Hypotonic

35
Q

Plasmolysis

A

When a plasma membrane separates from the cell wall because it is in a hypertonic solution

36
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

A specific transport protein makes membrane permeable to a specific ion or polar molecule

37
Q

In facilitated diffusion, channel proteins

A

Form hydrophilic channels through membranes

38
Q

Ion channels are referred to as a ____ because they open and close

A

Gated Channels

39
Q

In facilitated diffusion, carrier proteins bind to solutes to undergo

A

A change in shape

40
Q

Active Transport

A

A system across the cell membrane that pumps materials from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration. Requires the cell to expend metabolic energy

41
Q

Indirect active transport

A

Concentration gradient provides energy for the co-transport of some other substance

42
Q

The sodium potassium pump

A

Uses ATP to pump Na ions out of the cell and K ions into the cell

43
Q

In the sodium pump, ____ k are in for every ___ Na ions out

A

2;3

44
Q

In the sodium pump, membrane becomes

A

Polarized

45
Q

Uniporters

A

Transport one type of substance in one direction

46
Q

Symporters

A

Move two types of substances in one direction

47
Q

Antiporters

A

Move two substances in opposite directions

48
Q

Proton pump is an example of

A

Uniporter

49
Q

Cotransported sodium and glucose

A

Symporters

50
Q

Sodium potassium is an example of

A

Antiporter

51
Q

Exocytosis

A

Vesicles export large molecules by the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane

52
Q

Endocytosis

A

The cell imports materials by phagocytosis, pinocytosis

53
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Ingesting large solid particles (food or bacteria)

54
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Taking in dissolved materials

55
Q

Cell Junctions

A

Connect cells that form strong connections with one another, prevent the passage of materials, or establish rapid communication between adjacent cells

56
Q

Anchoring Junctions

A

Connect cells of an epithelial sheet

57
Q

Two types of anchoring junctions

A

Desmosomes and Adhering junctions

58
Q

Desmosomes

A

Points of attachment that hold cells together at one spot

59
Q

Adhering juntions

A

Cements cells together

60
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Seal off intercellular spaces between some animal cells

61
Q

Gap junctions

A

Allow the transfer of small molecules and ions

62
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Allow movement between plan cells

Bio 110 (9 decks)

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