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Bio 110 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell

A

The smallest unit that can carry out all activities associated with life.

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2
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Acts as a selective barrier between cell contents and the environment to support homeostasis

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3
Q

Some variations in cell shape represent a strategy for increasing

A

Ratio Surface Area to Volume

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4
Q

Cell fractionation

A

A technique for separating parts of cells for studying

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5
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

Bacteria and Archaea which are not surrounded by membranes

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6
Q

Eurkaryotic Cells

A

Characterized by highly organized and specialized membrane-enclosed organelles

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center that contains DNA

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Part of the cell outside the nucleus

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9
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Allows a larger size than prokaryotes

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10
Q

Membrane - Enclosed Compartments

A

Allows for different cell activities to go on simultaneously

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11
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Double membrane that separates nuclear contents from the ctyoplasm

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12
Q

Nuclear Pores

A

Regulate passage of materials between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

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13
Q

Nuclear Lamina

A

Helps organize nuclear contents, DNA duplication and regulating the cell cycle

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14
Q

Chromatin

A

Helps DNA molecules pack inside the nucleus as chromosomes

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15
Q

Nuclei

A

Synthesizes ribosomal RNA

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16
Q

Ribosomes

A

Organelles found free in the cytoplasm or attached to certain membranes

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17
Q

Endomembrane System

A

A network of organelles that exchange materials through small membrane-enclosed transport vesicles

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18
Q

Makes up a significant part of the total volume of the cytoplasm.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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19
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesizes lipids and breaks down toxins

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20
Q

Synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol to make a cell membranes

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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21
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesizes secreted and membrane proteins

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22
Q

Golgi Complex

A

Consists of stacks of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. Processes, sorts, and modifies proteins

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23
Q

Cis face

A

Entry Surface

24
Q

Trans Face

A

Exit Surface

25
Q

Medial Region

A

In Between

26
Q

Lysosomes

A

Small sacs of digestive enzymes dispersed in the cytoplasm of animal cells

27
Q

Maintains an interior pH of about 5 and contains about 40 different digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

28
Q

Are large, fluid-filled sacs with a variety of functions

A

Vaacuoles

29
Q

Plant Vacuoles

A

They break down wastes

30
Q

Contractile Vacuoles

A

Remove excess water from the cell

31
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Contain enzymes that help transfer hydrogen from other compounds to oxygen

32
Q

Breaks down fatty acid molecules

A

Peroxisomes

33
Q

Synthesize phospholipids

A

Peroxisomes

34
Q

Degrade alcohol in yeast cells; detoxify toxic compounds in human liver and kidney cells

A

Peroxisomes

35
Q

Can convert stored fats to sugars in plant seeds

A

Peroxisomes

36
Q

Break down Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2

A

Peroxisomes

37
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

Converts the chemical energy in certain foods to ATP

38
Q

Mitochondria

A

Makes ATP and breaks down sugar

39
Q

Apotosis

A

Cell death

40
Q

Chlorophyll

A

A green pigment found in chloroplasts that traps light energy for photosynthesis

41
Q

Stroma

A

Fluid filled that contains enzymes that produce carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O

42
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Convert light energy to chemical energy via photosynthesis

43
Q

Has interconnected set of thylakoids arrangeed in stacks, suspended in the stroma.

A

Chloroplasts

44
Q

Thylakoid Membrane

A

Encloses the thylakoid lumen, in which chlorophyll molecules absorb energy from sunlight

45
Q

Plastids

A

Organelles that produce and store food materials in cells of plants

46
Q

Microtubles

A

Function in cytoskeleton structure in movement of chromosomes during cell division

47
Q

Microtubles consist of two forms of the protein:

A

A-tublin and B-tublin

48
Q

Structural Microtuble-Associated Proteins (MAPs)

A

Regulate microtubule assembly, and cross link microtubles to other ctytoskeletal polymers

49
Q

Kinesin

A

Moves organelles toward the plus end of a microtubule

50
Q

Dynein

A

Moves organelles toward the minus end

51
Q

Cilia and Flagella

A

Help unicellular and small multicellular organisms move through a watery enviornment

52
Q

Microfilaments

A

Made of actin and mycin. Provide support for cell structures

53
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Covering on cell that identifies the cell

54
Q

The cells of most bacteria, archea, fungi, and plants are surrounded by ______.

A

Cell Wall

55
Q

Plant cell walls contain

A

Cellulose

Bio 110 (9 decks)

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