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Chem 101 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

anion

A

A negatively charged ion; that is, an ion in which the atom or group of atoms has more electrons than protons

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2
Q

binary compound

A

a compound consisting of two elements; may be ionic or covalent

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3
Q

bonding pair

A

a pair of electrons involved in a covalent bond. Also called a shared pair.

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4
Q

Cation

A

A positively charged ion; that is, an ion in which the atom or group of atoms has fewer electrons than protons.

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5
Q

Chemical bond

A

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electron pairs between two atoms

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6
Q

Covalent bond

A

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electron pairs between two atoms

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7
Q

Covalent compound

A

A compound containing predominantly covalent bonds

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8
Q

Debye

A

The unit used to express dipole moments

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9
Q

Delocalization of electrons

A

Refers to bonding electrons distributed among more than two atoms that are bonded together; occurs in species that exhibit resonance

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10
Q

Dipole

A

Refers to the separation of charge between two covalently bonded atoms

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11
Q

Dipole moment (μ)

A

The product of the distance separating opposite charges of equal magnitutde and the magnitude of the charge; a measure of the plarity of a bond or molecule. A measured dipole moment refers to the dipole moment of an entire molecule.

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12
Q

Double bond

A

A covalent bond resulting from the shared of four electrons (two pairs) between two atoms

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13
Q

Electron-deficient compound

A

A compound containing at last one atom (other than H) that has fewwer than eight valence shell electrons

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14
Q

Expanded valence shell

A

Describes an atom that contains more than eight valence shell electrons

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15
Q

Formal charge

A

They hypothetical charge on an atom in a covalently bonded molecule or ion; bonding electrons are counted as though they were shared equally between the two bonded atoms

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16
Q

Heteronuclear

A

Consisting of different elements

17
Q

homonuclear

A

consisting of one element

18
Q

hypervalent

A

describes an atom that contains more than eight valence shell electrons

19
Q

ion

A

an atom or a group of atoms that carries an electrical charge

20
Q

ionic bonding

A

the attraction of oppositely charged ions (cations and anions) in large numbers to form a solid. Ions result from the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or grouop of atoms to another

21
Q

ionic compound

A

a compound containing predominantly ionic bonding

22
Q

Isoelectric

A

having the same number of electrons

23
Q

Lewis acid

A

a substance that accepts a share in a pair of electrons from another species

24
Q

Lewis base

A

A substance that makes available a share in an electron pair

25
Q

Lewis formula

A

The representation of a molecule, ion, or formula unit by showing atomic symbols and only outer-shell electrons; does not represent the shape of the molecule or ion. Each bonding electron pair can be represented by a pair of dots (the Lewis dot formula) or by a dash (the Lewis dash formula)

26
Q

Lone pair

A

A pair of electrons residing on one atom and not shared by other atoms; unshared pair

27
Q

Monatomic ion

A

An ion that consissts of only one atom

28
Q

Nonpolar bond

A

A covalent bond between two atoms with the same electronegativity, so that the electron density is symmetrically distributed

29
Q

Octet rule

A

Many representative elements attain at least a share of eight electrons in their valence shells when they form molecular or ionic compounds; there are some limitations

30
Q

Polar bond

A

A covalent bond between two atoms with different electronegativeities , so that the electron density is unsymetrically distributed

31
Q

Polyatomic ion

A

An ion that consists of more than one atom

32
Q

Resonance

A

A concept in which two or more Lewis formulas for the same arrangement of atoms (resonance structures) are used to describe the bonding in a molecule or ion

33
Q

Single bond

A

A covalent bond resulting from the sharing of two electrons (one pair) between two atoms

34
Q

Triple bond

A

A covalent bond resulting from the sharing of six electrons (three pairs) between two atoms

35
Q

Unshared pair

A

A pair of electrons residing on one atom and not shared by other atoms; lone pair

36
Q

Valence electrons

A

The s and p electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

Chem 101 (13 decks)

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