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Chem 101 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Accuracy

A

How closely a measured value agrees with the correct value

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2
Q

Calorie

A

defined as exactly 4.184 joules. Originally defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5º C to 15.5º C

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3
Q

Chemical change

A

A change in with one or more new substances are formed

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4
Q

Chemical property

A

Characteristics of matter which are exhibited as matter undergoes chemical changes

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5
Q

Compound

A

A substance composed of two or more elements in fixed proportions. Compounds can be decomposed into their constituent elements

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6
Q

Density

A

mass per unit value, D=m/V

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7
Q

Element

A

A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means

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8
Q

Endothermic

A

Describes process that absorb heat energy

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9
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to do work or transfer heat

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10
Q

Exothermic

A

Describes processes that release heat energy

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11
Q

Extensive property

A

A property that depends on the amount of material in a sample

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12
Q

Heat

A

A form of energy that flows between two samples of matter because of their difference in temperature

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13
Q

Heat capacity

A

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a body (of whatever mass) one degree Celsius

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14
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

A mixture that does not have uniform composition and properties throughout

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15
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

A mixture that has uniform composition and properties throughout

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16
Q

Intensive property

A

A property that is independent of the amount of material in a sample

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17
Q

Joule

A

A unit of energy in the SI system. One joule is 1 kg*m2/s2, which is also 0.2390 cal

18
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy that matter possesses by virtue of its motion

19
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction or in a physical change; it may be changed from one form to another

20
Q

Law of Conservation of Matter

A

No detectable change occurs in the total quantity of matter during a chemical reaction or during a physical change

21
Q

Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy

A

The combined amount of matter and energy available in the universe is fixed

22
Q

Law of Constant Composition / Law of Definite Proportions

A

Different samples of any pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass

23
Q

What is the Law of Definite Proportions also known as?

A

What is the Law of Constant Composition also known as?

24
Q

Mass

A

A measure of the amount of matter in an object. Mass is usually measured in grams or kilograms.

25
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space

26
Q

Mixture

A

A sample of matter composed of variable amounts of two or more substances, each of which retains its identity and properties

27
Q

Physical change

A

A change in which a substance changes from one physical state to another, but no substances with different compositions are formed

28
Q

Physical property

A

characteristics exhibited by matter with no changes in chemical composition

29
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy that matter possesses by virtue of its position, condition, or composition

30
Q

Precision

A

How closely repeated measurements of the same quantity agree with one another

31
Q

Properties

A

Characteristics that describe samples of matter. Chemical properties are exhibited as matter undergoes chemical changes. Physical properties are exhibited by matter with no changes in chemical composition.

32
Q

Scientific (natural) law

A

A general statement based on the observed behavior of matter, to which no exceptions are known

33
Q

Significant figures

A

Digits that indicate the precision of measurements – digits of a measured number that have uncertainty only in the last digit

34
Q

Specific gravity

A

The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water at the same temperature

35
Q

Specific heat

A

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius

36
Q

Substance

A

Any kind of matter all specimens of which have the same chemical composition and physical properties

37
Q

Symbol (of an element)

A

A letter or group of letters that represents (identifies) an element

38
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of the intensity of heat, that is, the hotness or coldness of a sample or object

39
Q

Unit factor

A

A factor in which the numerator and denominator are expressed in different units but represent the same or equivalent amounts. Multiplying by a unit factor is the same as multiplying by one

40
Q

Weight

A

A measure of the gravitational attraction of the earth for a body.

Chem 101 (13 decks)

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