Chapter 1

Question 1

Accuracy

Answer 1

How closely a measured value agrees with the correct value

Question 2

Calorie

Answer 2

defined as exactly 4.184 joules. Originally defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5º C to 15.5º C

Question 3

Chemical change

Answer 3

A change in with one or more new substances are formed

Question 4

Chemical property

Answer 4

Characteristics of matter which are exhibited as matter undergoes chemical changes

Question 5

Compound

Answer 5

A substance composed of two or more elements in fixed proportions. Compounds can be decomposed into their constituent elements

Question 6

Density

Answer 6

mass per unit value, D=m/V

Question 7

Element

Answer 7

A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means

Question 8

Endothermic

Answer 8

Describes process that absorb heat energy

Question 9

Energy

Answer 9

The capacity to do work or transfer heat

Question 10

Exothermic

Answer 10

Describes processes that release heat energy

Question 11

Extensive property

Answer 11

A property that depends on the amount of material in a sample

Question 12

Heat

Answer 12

A form of energy that flows between two samples of matter because of their difference in temperature

Question 13

Heat capacity

Answer 13

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a body (of whatever mass) one degree Celsius

Question 14

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 14

A mixture that does not have uniform composition and properties throughout

Question 15

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 15

A mixture that has uniform composition and properties throughout

Question 16

Intensive property

Answer 16

A property that is independent of the amount of material in a sample

Question 17

Joule

Answer 17

A unit of energy in the SI system. One joule is 1 kg*m²/s², which is also 0.2390 cal

Question 18

Kinetic energy

Answer 18

Energy that matter possesses by virtue of its motion

Question 19

Law of Conservation of Energy

Answer 19

Energy cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction or in a physical change; it may be changed from one form to another

Question 20

Law of Conservation of Matter

Answer 20

No detectable change occurs in the total quantity of matter during a chemical reaction or during a physical change

Question 21

Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy

Answer 21

The combined amount of matter and energy available in the universe is fixed

Question 22

Law of Constant Composition / Law of Definite Proportions

Answer 22

Different samples of any pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass

Question 23

What is the Law of Definite Proportions also known as?

Answer 23

What is the Law of Constant Composition also known as?

Question 24

Mass

Answer 24

A measure of the amount of matter in an object. Mass is usually measured in grams or kilograms.

Question 25

Matter

Answer 25

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 26

Mixture

Answer 26

A sample of matter composed of variable amounts of two or more substances, each of which retains its identity and properties

Question 27

Physical change

Answer 27

A change in which a substance changes from one physical state to another, but no substances with different compositions are formed

Question 28

Physical property

Answer 28

characteristics exhibited by matter with no changes in chemical composition

Question 29

Potential energy

Answer 29

Energy that matter possesses by virtue of its position, condition, or composition

Question 30

Precision

Answer 30

How closely repeated measurements of the same quantity agree with one another

Question 31

Properties

Answer 31

Characteristics that describe samples of matter. Chemical properties are exhibited as matter undergoes chemical changes. Physical properties are exhibited by matter with no changes in chemical composition.

Question 32

Scientific (natural) law

Answer 32

A general statement based on the observed behavior of matter, to which no exceptions are known

Question 33

Significant figures

Answer 33

Digits that indicate the precision of measurements -- digits of a measured number that have uncertainty only in the last digit

Question 34

Specific gravity

Answer 34

The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water at the same temperature

Question 35

Specific heat

Answer 35

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius

Question 36

Substance

Answer 36

Any kind of matter all specimens of which have the same chemical composition and physical properties

Question 37

Symbol (of an element)

Answer 37

A letter or group of letters that represents (identifies) an element

Question 38

Temperature

Answer 38

A measure of the intensity of heat, that is, the hotness or coldness of a sample or object

Question 39

Unit factor

Answer 39

A factor in which the numerator and denominator are expressed in different units but represent the same or equivalent amounts. Multiplying by a unit factor is the same as multiplying by one

Question 40

Weight

Answer 40

A measure of the gravitational attraction of the earth for a body.