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Chem 101 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Acid

A

A substance that produces H+ (aq) ions in aqueous solution. Strong acids ionize completely or almost completely in dilute aqueous solution. Weak acids ionize only slightly.

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2
Q

Acid-base reaction

A

The reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt. Often, the reaction of hydrogen ions with hydroxie ions to form water molecules.

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3
Q

What is acid-base reaction also known as?

A

What is neutralization reaction also known as?

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4
Q

Active metal

A

A metal that redily loses electrons to form cations

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5
Q

Activity series

A

A listing of metals (and hydrogen) in order of decreasing activity

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6
Q

Alkali metals

A

Elements of Group IA in the periodic table, except hydrogen

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7
Q

Alkaline earth metals

A

Group IIA elements in the periodic table

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8
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

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9
Q

Base

A

A substance that produces OH- (aq) ions in aqueous solution. Strong bases are soluble in water and are completely dissociated. Weak bases ionize only slightly.

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10
Q

Binary acid

A

A binary compound in which H is bonded to a nonmetal in Group VIIA or a nonmetal other than oxyben in Group VIA.

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11
Q

Binary compound

A

A compound consisting of two elements; may be ionic or molecular.

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12
Q

Chemical periodicity

A

The variation in properties of elements with their positions in the periodic table.

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13
Q

Combination reaction

A

Reaction in which two substances (elements or compounds) combine to form one compound

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14
Q

Decomposition reaction

A

Reaction in which a compound decomposes to form two or more products (elements, compounds, or some combination of these).

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15
Q

Displacement reaction

A

A reaction in which one element displaces another to form a compound

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16
Q

Disproportionation reaction

A

A redox reaction in which the oidizing agent and the reducing agent are the same element.

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17
Q

Dissociation

A

In aqueous solution, the process in which a solid ionic compound separates into its ions.

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18
Q

Electrolyte

A

A substance whose aqueous solutions conduct electricty

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19
Q

Formula unit equation

A

An equation for a chemical reaction in which all formulas are written as complete formulas.

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20
Q

Group (family)

A

The elements in a vertical column of the periodic table.

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21
Q

Halogens

A

Group VIIA elements in the periodic table.

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22
Q

Ionization

A

In aqueous solution, the process in which a molecular compound separates to form ions.

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23
Q

Metal

A

An element below and to the left of the stepwise division (metalloids) of the periodic table; about 80% of the known elements are metals.

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24
Q

Metalloids

A

Elements with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, and At

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25
Q

Metathesis reaction

A

A reaction in which the positive and negative ions in two compounds “change partners,” with no change in oxidation numbers, t oform two new compounds.

26
Q

Net ionic equation

A

An equation that results from canceling spectator ions from a total ionic equation.

27
Q

Neutralization reaction

A

The reaction of an acid witha base to form a salt. Often, the reaction of hydrogen ions with hydroxide ions to form water molecules.

28
Q

Noble (rare) gases

A

Elementse of Group VIIIA in the periodic table

29
Q

Nonelectrolyte

A

A substance whose aqueous solutions do not conduct elecricity.

30
Q

Nonmetals

A

Elements above and to the right of the metalloids in the periodic table

31
Q

Oxidation

A

An increase in oxidation number; corresponds to a loss of electrons

32
Q

Oxidation numbers

A

Arbitrary numbers that can be used as mechanical aids in writing formulas and balancing equations; for single-atom ions they correspond to the charge on the ion; less metallic atoms are assigned negative oxidation numbers in compounds and polyatomic ions

33
Q

Oxidation-reduction reaction

A

A reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur; also called a redox-reaction

34
Q

Oxidation states

A

Shown by oxidation numbers

35
Q

Oxidizing agent

A

The substance that oxidizes another substance and is reduced

36
Q

Oxoacid

A

A ternary compound containing H, O, and another element, usually a nonmetal. Also known as ternary acid.

37
Q

Period

A

The elements in a horizontal row of the periodic table.

38
Q

Periodic law

A

The properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.

39
Q

Periodic table

A

An arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number that also emphasizes periodicity.

40
Q

Periodicity

A

Regular periodic variations of properties of elements with atomic number (and position in the periodic table)

41
Q

Precipitate

A

An insoluble solid that forms and separates from a solution.

42
Q

Precipitation reaction

A

A reaction in which a solid (precipitate) forms

43
Q

Pseudobinary ionic compound

A

A compound that contains more than two elements but is named like a binary compound.

44
Q

Redox reaction

A

A reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur, also known as oxidation-reduction reaction.

45
Q

Reducing agent

A

The substance that reduces another substance and is oxidized.

46
Q

Reduction

A

A decrease in oxidation number; coresponds to a gain of electrons

47
Q

Reversible reaction

A

A reaction that occurs in both directions; described with double arrows (⇔)

48
Q

Salt

A

A compound that contains a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH- or O2-.

49
Q

Semiconductor

A

A substance that does not conduct elecricity at low temperatures but does so at higher temperatures.

50
Q

Spectator ions

A

Ions that appear in solution on both sides of the total ionic equation; they undergo no change in the chemical reaction.

51
Q

Strong acid

A

An acid that ionizes (separates into ions) completely, or very nearly completely, in dilute aqueous solution.

52
Q

Strong electrolyte

A

A substance that conducts electricity well in dilute aqueous solution

53
Q

Strong base

A

Metal hydroxide that is soluble in water and dissociates completely in dilute aqueous solution

54
Q

Ternary acid

A

A ternary compound containing H, O, and another element, usually a nonmetal

55
Q

Ternary compound

A

A compound consisting of three elements; may be ionic or molecular

56
Q

Ternary salt

A

A salt resulting from replacing the hydrogen in a ternary acid with another ion

57
Q

Total ionic equation

A

An equation for a chemical reaction written to show the predominant form of all species in aqueous solution or in contact with water

58
Q

Weak acid

A

An acid that ionizes only slightly in dilute aqueous solution

59
Q

Weak base

A

A molecular substance that ionizes only slightly in water to produce an alkaline (base) solution

60
Q

Weak elecrolyte

A

A substance that conducts elecricity poorly in dilute aqueous solution

Chem 101 (13 decks)

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