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Chem 101 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Acid

A

A substance that produces H+ (aq) ions in aqueous solution. Strong acids ionize completely or almost completely in dilute aqueous solution. Weak acids ionize only slightly.

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2
Q

Acid-base reaction

A

The reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt. Often, the reaction of hydrogen ions with hydroxie ions to form water molecules.

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3
Q

What is acid-base reaction also known as?

A

What is neutralization reaction also known as?

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4
Q

Active metal

A

A metal that redily loses electrons to form cations

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5
Q

Activity series

A

A listing of metals (and hydrogen) in order of decreasing activity

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6
Q

Alkali metals

A

Elements of Group IA in the periodic table, except hydrogen

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7
Q

Alkaline earth metals

A

Group IIA elements in the periodic table

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8
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

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9
Q

Base

A

A substance that produces OH- (aq) ions in aqueous solution. Strong bases are soluble in water and are completely dissociated. Weak bases ionize only slightly.

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10
Q

Binary acid

A

A binary compound in which H is bonded to a nonmetal in Group VIIA or a nonmetal other than oxyben in Group VIA.

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11
Q

Binary compound

A

A compound consisting of two elements; may be ionic or molecular.

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12
Q

Chemical periodicity

A

The variation in properties of elements with their positions in the periodic table.

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13
Q

Combination reaction

A

Reaction in which two substances (elements or compounds) combine to form one compound

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14
Q

Decomposition reaction

A

Reaction in which a compound decomposes to form two or more products (elements, compounds, or some combination of these).

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15
Q

Displacement reaction

A

A reaction in which one element displaces another to form a compound

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16
Q

Disproportionation reaction

A

A redox reaction in which the oidizing agent and the reducing agent are the same element.

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17
Q

Dissociation

A

In aqueous solution, the process in which a solid ionic compound separates into its ions.

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18
Q

Electrolyte

A

A substance whose aqueous solutions conduct electricty

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19
Q

Formula unit equation

A

An equation for a chemical reaction in which all formulas are written as complete formulas.

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20
Q

Group (family)

A

The elements in a vertical column of the periodic table.

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21
Q

Halogens

A

Group VIIA elements in the periodic table.

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22
Q

Ionization

A

In aqueous solution, the process in which a molecular compound separates to form ions.

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23
Q

Metal

A

An element below and to the left of the stepwise division (metalloids) of the periodic table; about 80% of the known elements are metals.

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24
Q

Metalloids

A

Elements with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, and At

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25
Metathesis reaction
A reaction in which the positive and negative ions in two compounds "change partners," with no change in oxidation numbers, t oform two new compounds.
26
Net ionic equation
An equation that results from canceling spectator ions from a total ionic equation.
27
Neutralization reaction
The reaction of an acid witha base to form a salt. Often, the reaction of hydrogen ions with hydroxide ions to form water molecules.
28
Noble (rare) gases
Elementse of Group VIIIA in the periodic table
29
Nonelectrolyte
A substance whose aqueous solutions do not conduct elecricity.
30
Nonmetals
Elements above and to the right of the metalloids in the periodic table
31
Oxidation
An increase in oxidation number; corresponds to a loss of electrons
32
Oxidation numbers
Arbitrary numbers that can be used as mechanical aids in writing formulas and balancing equations; for single-atom ions they correspond to the charge on the ion; less metallic atoms are assigned negative oxidation numbers in compounds and polyatomic ions
33
Oxidation-reduction reaction
A reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur; also called a redox-reaction
34
Oxidation states
Shown by oxidation numbers
35
Oxidizing agent
The substance that oxidizes another substance and is reduced
36
Oxoacid
A ternary compound containing H, O, and another element, usually a nonmetal. Also known as ternary acid.
37
Period
The elements in a horizontal row of the periodic table.
38
Periodic law
The properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
39
Periodic table
An arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number that also emphasizes periodicity.
40
Periodicity
Regular periodic variations of properties of elements with atomic number (and position in the periodic table)
41
Precipitate
An insoluble solid that forms and separates from a solution.
42
Precipitation reaction
A reaction in which a solid (precipitate) forms
43
Pseudobinary ionic compound
A compound that contains more than two elements but is named like a binary compound.
44
Redox reaction
A reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur, also known as oxidation-reduction reaction.
45
Reducing agent
The substance that reduces another substance and is oxidized.
46
Reduction
A decrease in oxidation number; coresponds to a gain of electrons
47
Reversible reaction
A reaction that occurs in both directions; described with double arrows (⇔)
48
Salt
A compound that contains a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH- or O2-.
49
Semiconductor
A substance that does not conduct elecricity at low temperatures but does so at higher temperatures.
50
Spectator ions
Ions that appear in solution on both sides of the total ionic equation; they undergo no change in the chemical reaction.
51
Strong acid
An acid that ionizes (separates into ions) completely, or very nearly completely, in dilute aqueous solution.
52
Strong electrolyte
A substance that conducts electricity well in dilute aqueous solution
53
Strong base
Metal hydroxide that is soluble in water and dissociates completely in dilute aqueous solution
54
Ternary acid
A ternary compound containing H, O, and another element, usually a nonmetal
55
Ternary compound
A compound consisting of three elements; may be ionic or molecular
56
Ternary salt
A salt resulting from replacing the hydrogen in a ternary acid with another ion
57
Total ionic equation
An equation for a chemical reaction written to show the predominant form of all species in aqueous solution or in contact with water
58
Weak acid
An acid that ionizes only slightly in dilute aqueous solution
59
Weak base
A molecular substance that ionizes only slightly in water to produce an alkaline (base) solution
60
Weak elecrolyte
A substance that conducts elecricity poorly in dilute aqueous solution

Chem 101 (13 decks)

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