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Chem 101 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Acid (Arrhenius or Brønsted-Lowry)

A

A substance that produces H+ (aq) ions in aqueous solution. Strong acids ionize completely or almost completely in dilute aqueous solution; weak acids ionize only slightly

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2
Q

Acid anhydride

A

The oxide of a nonmetal that reacts with water to form an acid

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3
Q

Acidic salt

A

A salt that contains an ionizable hydrogen atom; does not necessaarily produce acidic solutions

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4
Q

amphiprotism

A

The ability of a substance to exhibit amphoterism by accepting or donating protons

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5
Q

Amphoterism

A

Ability of a substance to act as either an acid or a base

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6
Q

Anhydrous

A

without water

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7
Q

Autoionization

A

An ionization reaction between identical molecules

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8
Q

Base (arrhenius)

A

A substance that produces OH- (aq) ions in aqueous solution. Strong bases are soluble in water and are completely dissociated. Weak bases ionize only slightly.

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9
Q

Basic anhydride

A

The oxide of a metal that reacts with water to form a base

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10
Q

Basic salt

A

A salt containing a basic OH group

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11
Q

Brønsted-Lowry acid

A

A proton donor

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12
Q

Brønsted-Lowry base

A

A proton acceptor

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13
Q

Conjugate acid-base pair

A

In Brønsted-Lowry terminology, a reactant and product that differ by a proton, H+

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14
Q

Coordinate covalent bond

A

A covalent bond in which both shared electrons are furnished by the same species; the bond between a Lewis acid and a Lewis base

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15
Q

Dissociation

A

In aqueous solution, the process in which a solid ionic compound separates into its ions

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16
Q

Electrolyte

A

A substance wose aqueous solutions conduct electricity

17
Q

Formula unit equation

A

A chemical equation in which all compounds are represented by complete formulas

18
Q

Hydride

A

A binary compound of hydrogen

19
Q

Hydronium ion

A

H3O+, the usual representeation of the hydrated hydrogen ion

20
Q

Ionization

A

In aqueous solution, the process in which a molecular compound reacts with water to form ions

21
Q

Leveling effect

A

The effect by which all acids tronger than the acid that is characteristic of the solvent react with teh solvent to produce that acid; a similar statement applies to bases. The strongest acid (base) that can exist in a given solvent is the acid (base) charactersitic of that solvent

22
Q

Lewis acid

A

Any species that can accept a share in an electron pair to form a coordinate covalent bond

23
Q

Lewis base

A

Any species that can make available a share in an electron pair to form a coordinate covalent bond

24
Q

Net ionic equation

A

The equation that results from canceling spectator ions and eliminating brackets from a total ionic equation

25
Q

Neutralization

A

The reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt and (usually) water; usually, the reaction of hydrogen ions with hydroxide ions to form water molecules

26
Q

Nonelectrolyte

A

A substance whose aqueous solutions do not conduct electricity

27
Q

Normal salt

A

A salt containing no ionizable H atoms or OH groups

28
Q

Polyprotic acid

A

An acid that contains more than one ionizable hydrogen atom per formula unit

29
Q

Protic acid

A

An Arrhenius acid, or a Brønsted-Lowry acid

30
Q

Salt

A

a compound that contains a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH- or O2-; also called protonic acid

31
Q

Spectator ions

A

Ions in solution that do not participate in a chemical reaction

32
Q

Strong electrolyte

A

A substance that conducts electricit well in dilute aqueous solution

33
Q

Ternary acid

A

An acid that contains three elements – usually H, O, and another nonmetal

34
Q

Ternary compound

A

A compound that contains three different elements

35
Q

Total ionic equation

A

The equation for a chemical reaction written to show the predominant form of all specieis in aqueous solution or in contact with water

36
Q

Weak electrolyte

A

A substance that conducts electricity poorly in dilute aqueous solution

Chem 101 (13 decks)

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