Chapter 6

Question 1

acid anhydride

Answer 1

a nonmetal oxide that reacts with water to form an acid

Question 2

acidic oxide

Answer 2

a nonmetal oxide that reacts with water to form an acid

Question 3

actinides

Answer 3

Elements 90 through 103 (after actinium)

Question 4

Amphoteric oxide

Answer 4

an oxide that shows some acidic and some basic properties

Question 5

amphoterism

Answer 5

the ability of a substance to react with both acids and bases

Question 6

Atomic radius

Answer 6

the radius of an atom

Question 7

basic anhydride

Answer 7

a metal oxide that reacts with water to form a base

Question 8

basic oxide

Answer 8

a metal oxide that reacts with water to from a base

Question 9

catalyst

Answer 9

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being consumed in the reaction

Question 10

combustion reaction

Answer 10

the reaction of a substance with oxygen in a highly exothermic reaction, usually with a visible flame

Question 11

d-transition elements (metals)

Answer 11

The B group elements in the periodic table,; sometimes called simply transition elements

Question 12

Effective nuclear charge (Z_eff)

Answer 12

The nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electrons of an atom; the actual nuclear charge minus the effects of shielding due to inner shell electrons

Question 13

electron affinity

Answer 13

The amount of energy absorbed in the process in which an electron is added to a neutral isolated gaseous atom to form a gaseous ion with a 1- charge; has a negative value if energy is released

Question 14

electronegativity

Answer 14

a measure of the relative tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself when chemically combined with another atom

Question 15

f-transition elements (metals)

Answer 15

Elements 58 through 70 and 90 through 103; also called inner transition elements (metals)

Question 16

hydride

Answer 16

a binary compound of hydrogen

Question 17

inner transition elements

Answer 17

Elements 58 through 70 and 90 through 103; also called inner transition elements (metals)

Question 18

ionic hydride

Answer 18

an ionic compound that contains the hydride ion, H^-.

Question 19

ionic radius

Answer 19

the radius of an ion

Question 20

ionization energy

Answer 20

the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely held electron of an isolated gaseous atom or ion

Question 21

isoelectronic

Answer 21

having the same number of electrons

Question 22

lanthanides

Answer 22

elements 58-71 (after lanthanum)

Question 23

molecular hydride

Answer 23

a compound in which hydrogen shares electrons with an atom of another nonmetal

Question 24

noble gas configuration

Answer 24

the stable electron configuration of a noble gas

Question 25

noble gases

Answer 25

elements of periodic group VIIIA; also called rare gases; formerly called inert gases

Question 26

normal oxide

Answer 26

a metal oxide containing the oxide ion, O^2- (oxygen in the -2 oxidation state)

Question 27

angstrom (Å)

Answer 27

10^-10 meter, 10^-1 nm, or 100 pm

Question 28

Oxide

Answer 28

A binary compound of oxygen

Question 29

Periodicity

Answer 29

Regular periodic variations of properties of elements with atomic number and position in the periodic table

Question 30

Periodic law

Answer 30

The properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

Question 31

Peroxide

Answer 31

A compound containing oxygen in the -1 oxidation state. Metal peroxides contain the peroxide ion, O₂^2-

Question 32

Radical

Answer 32

A species containing one or more unpaired electrons; many radicals are very reactive

Question 33

Representative elements

Answer 33

The A group elements in the periodic table

Question 34

Roasting

Answer 34

Heating an ore of an element in the presence of air

Question 35

Shielding effect

Answer 35

Electrons in filled sets of *s* and *p* orbitals between the nucleus and outer shell electrons shield the outer shell electrons somewhat from the effect of protons in the nucleus; also called screening effect

Question 36

Superoxide

Answer 36

A compound containing the superoxide ion, O₂^- (oxygen in the -¹/₂ oxidation state)

Question 37

ternary acid

Answer 37

an acid containing three lements: H, O, and (usually) another nonmetal