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Chem 101 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Allotropic modifications (allotropes)

A

Different forms of the same element in the same physical state

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2
Q

Anhydrous

A

without water

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3
Q

Anion

A

an ion with a negative charge

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4
Q

atom

A

the smallest particle of an element that maintains its chemical identity through all chemical and physical changes

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5
Q

atomic mass unit (amu)

A

one twelfth of the mass of an atom of the carbon-12 isotope; a unit used for stating atomic and formula weights

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6
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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7
Q

atomic weight

A

Weighted average of the masses of the constituent isotopes of an element; the relative mass of atoms of different elements

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8
Q

avogadro’s number

A

6.022 x 1023 units of a specified item

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9
Q

cation

A

an ion with a positive charge

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10
Q

chemical formula

A

combination of element symbols that indicates the chemical composition of a substance

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11
Q

composition stoichiometry

A

describes the quantitative (mass) relationships among elements in compounds

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12
Q

formula

A

combination of element symbols that indicates the chemical composition of a substance

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13
Q

formula unit

A

the smaller repeating unit of a substance – for non-iconic substances, the molecule

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14
Q

formula weight

A

the mass, in atomic mass units, of one formula unit of a substance. Numerically equal to the mass, in grams, of one mole of the substance. This number is obtained by adding the atomic weights of the atoms specified in the formula

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15
Q

hydrate

A

A crystalline sample that contains water, H2O, and another compound in a fixed mole ratio. Examples include CuSO4*5H2O and (COOH)2*2H2O

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16
Q

ion

A

an atom or group of atoms that carries an electric charge. A positive ions is a cation; a negative ion is an anion.

17
Q

ionic compound

A

A compound that is composed of cations and anions. An example is sodium chloride, NaCl.

18
Q

law of constant composition/law of definite proportions

A

Different samples of a pure compound always contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass; this corresponds to atoms of these elements in fixated numerical ratios.

19
Q

What is also known as the law of constant composition?

A

What is also known as the law of definite proportions?

20
Q

Law of multiple proportions

A

When two elements, A and B, form more than one compound, the ratio of the masses of element B that combine with a given mass of element A in each of the compounds can be expressed by small whole numbers

21
Q

molar mass

A

the mass, in grams, of one mole of a substance; numerically equal to the formula weight of the substance

22
Q

mole

A

6.022 x 1023 (Avogadro’s number of) formula units (or molecules, for a molecular substance) of a substance. The mass, in grams, of one mole is numerically equal to the formula (molecular) weight of the substance

23
Q

molecular formula

A

a formula that indicates the actual number of atoms present in a molecule of a molecular substance

24
Q

molecular weight

A

The mass, in autonomic mass units, of one molecule of a non-iconic (molecular) substance. Numerically equal to the mass, in grams, of one mole of such a substance. The number is obtained by adding the atomic weights of the atoms specified in the formula.

25
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest particle of an element or compound that can have a stable independent existence.

26
Q

Percent Composition

A

The mass percentage of each element in a compound.

27
Q

Percent purity

A

The mass percentage of a specified compound or element in an impure sample.

28
Q

Polyatomic

A

Consisting of more than one atom. Elements such as Cl2, P4, and S8 exist as polyatomic molecules. Examples of polyatomic ions are the ammonium ion, NH4+, and the sulfate ion SO42-.

29
Q

Simplest formula

A

The smallest whole-number ratio of atoms present in a compound; also called emperical formula.

30
Q

Stoichiometry

A

Description of the quantitative relationships among elements in compounds (composition stoichiometry) and among substances as they undergo chemical changes (reaction stoichiometry).

31
Q

Structural formula

A

A representation that shows how atoms are connected in a compound.

Chem 101 (13 decks)

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