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BIOL-L 112 Exam 1 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids; Phospholipid

A

Major component of the plasma membrane is this

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2
Q

Hydrophohilic Heads Location

A

At phospholipids, are located at the internal and external surfaces, separating two aqueous regions

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3
Q

Hydrophobic tails Location

A

Located in the interior of the membrane

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4
Q

Who do the Phospholipids move?

A

They move laterally, contributing to the fluidity of membrane

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5
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbon tails have…

A

kinks in them preventing over packing between adjacent molecules

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6
Q

Membrane; Lipids; Cholesterol

A

Reduces fluidity but prevents membrane solidification at cold temperature

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7
Q

What is embedded in the lipid layer?

A

Glycoproteins and Glycolipids

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8
Q

What passes through phospholipid membrane?

A

Small and hydrophobic

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9
Q

Are unsaturated fatty acids or saturated faty acids more fluid?

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

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10
Q

Hydrophobic (non-polar) molecules

A

Can dissolve in the lipid layer and pass through the membrane rapidly

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11
Q

Hydrophilic molecules

A

includes ion and polar molecules and do not cross the membrane easily

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12
Q

Membrane Protein Function

A

Determines most of the membranes specific functions

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13
Q

Asymmetrical Distribution of Protein

A

Membranes have distinct inside and outside faces. Determined by whether membrane is built by ER or Golgi.

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14
Q

Peripheral Proteins

A

Bound to the surface of the membrane

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15
Q

Integral Proteins

A

Penetrate the hydrophobic core

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16
Q

Transmembrane Proteins

A

Integral proteins span entirety of membrane
Hydrophobic regions of an integral protein consist of one or more stretches of non-polar amino acids, coiled into alpha helixes

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17
Q

Six Major Functions of Membrane Protein

A 
Transport
Enzymatic Activity
Signal Transduction
Cell-Cell Recognition
Intercellular Joining
Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
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18
Q

Transport

A

Moves against gradient

19
Q

Enzymatic Activity

A

Follows a specific sequence

20
Q

Signal Transduction

A

Signaling Pathway. Signal binds to whole series of reactions

21
Q

Cell-Cell Recognition

A

To bind they need to have complementary proteins. Sponge example

22
Q

Intercellular Joining

A

Liver cells don’t mix with kidney cells

23
Q

Transport Proteiins

A

allows passage of hydrophilic substances across the membrane. Specific for substance it moves

24
Q

Channel Proteins have..

A

a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions use as a tunnel

25
Q

Channel Proteins Example

A

Aquaporins - Facilitate the passage of water

26
Q

Carrier Proteins..

A

binds to molecules to change shape to shuttle them across membrane

27
Q

Ion Channels..

A

facilitate the diffusion of ions. Gated channels open or close in response to a stimulus

28
Q

Active Transport..

A

moves substances against their concentration gradients

29
Q

Active Transport; Sodium-Potassium Pump

A

Maintains large excess of Na+ ions outside and less inside. Transport 3 Na outside and 2K inside.

30
Q

What is the main pump in plants, fungi, and bacteria?

A

Proton Pump

31
Q

Co-Transport

A

Occurs when active transport of a solute indirectly drives transport of other substances

32
Q

Uniporter

A

Integral membrane protein binds to one molecule at a time and transports it with its concentration gradient

33
Q

Symport

A

Integral membrane protein that transports many different molecules across membrane in the same direction

34
Q

Antiport

A

Integral membrane protein that transports many different molecules of proteins across membrane in opposite direction

35
Q

What do small molecules and water enter or leave the cell through?

A

Lipid bilayer or via transport proteins

36
Q

How do large molecules such as polysaccharides and proteins cross the membrane?

A

Vesicles

37
Q

Does bulk transport require energy?

A

Yes

38
Q

Exocytosis

A

Transport vesicles migrate to the membrane, fuse with it, and release their contents outside the cell.

39
Q

Endocytosis

A

Cell takes in macromolecules by forming vessicles from the plasma membrane

40
Q

Three types of endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor- Mediated Endocytosis

41
Q

Phagocytosis

A

A cell engulfs a particle in a vacuole. Vacuole fuses with a lysosome to digest in the particle

42
Q

Pinocytosis (Cell Drinking)

A

Uptake of liquid material enclosed in vesicles form by invagination of membrane

43
Q

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

A

Cells absorb metabolities/hormones/viruses by inward budding of membrane vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecule being absorbed

44
Q

How does HIV recognize & infect

A

HIV must bind to the immune cell surface protein CD4 and “co-receptor” CCR5. HIV cannot enter cells individuals that lack CCR5

BIOL-L 112 Exam 1 (7 decks)

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