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BIOL-L 112 Exam 1 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Light Microscope

A

Enlargement provided by objective lens and ocular glass lenses
Illumination provided by light

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2
Q

Transmission Electron Microscope

A

Illumination provided by electron beam
Electrons produced by heat
Beam passes through specimen
Observation made under Vacum

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3
Q

Scanning Electron Microscope

A

Electrons do not pass through specimen

3D Image

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4
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

Bacteria and Archaea
Smaller, Simpler.
Do not have membrane enclosed organelles

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5
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

Protists, Plants, Fungi, and Animal
Contains a system of membranous organelles
Cytoskeleton

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6
Q

Unlike Animal Cells, Plant Cells have

A

Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
Celulose

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7
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Convert light energy to the chemical energy of food in the process of photosynthesis

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8
Q

Cellulose

A

Protective cell walls, maintain shape and prevents cells from absorbing too much water

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9
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane

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10
Q

Pores in nucleus..

A

allow materials to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm selectively

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11
Q

Nucleolus Information and Function

A

Nucleolus located in Nucleus; where ribosome precursors are assembled.

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12
Q

Chromatin

A

Stored in the nucleus are long DNA molecules and are associated with proteins that form this

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13
Q

Nucleosome

A

Unit of DNA packaging

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14
Q

Chromsome

A

Each long chromatin fiber constitutes one chromosome

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15
Q

Ribosomes information

A

Protein synthesizing machines of cells

Ribosomes are partially assembled in the nucleolus and completely in cytoplasm

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16
Q

mRNA

A

DNa programs protein production in the cytoplasm by transforming its coded information into this

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17
Q

Ribosome and mRNA

A

Ribosome moves along the mRNA , translating the genetic message into a protein with specific amino acid

18
Q

Endomembrane System

A

Interconnected directly by their membranes or by transfer of membrane segments between them

19
Q

Rough ER

A

Refers to ribosomes that stuf the outside of this portion of the ER membrane

20
Q

Ribosomes on Rough ER..

A

Produce membrane proteins and secretory proteins

21
Q

Smooth ER

A

Lack surface ribosomes
Produce lipids, including steroids
Helps liver cells detoxify

22
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Works in partnership with the ER

Reeives, refines, stores, and distributes chemical products of cell

23
Q

Lysosome

A

Is a membrane-bound sac of digestive enzymes found in animal cells. Absent from plant cells.

24
Q

Enzymes in a lysosome can break down large molecules such as..

A

proteins
Polysaccharides
fats
nucleic acids

25
Q

Lysosomes engulf..

A

nutrients in tiny cytoplasmic sacs called food vacuoles

26
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Bounded by a single bi-lipid layer membrane

27
Q

Peroxisomes Functions

A

Contains enzymes for.. breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of substances

28
Q

Vacuoles; Central Vacuoles

A

Store Organic Nutrients
Break down Waste
ABsorb Water

29
Q

Two organelles act as cellular power stations

A

Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

30
Q

Mitochondira

A

Organelles of cellular respiration

Found in eukaryotic cells and produce ATP

31
Q

What cells contain their own DNA?

A

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts, encodes some of their proteins

32
Q

Endosymbiont Theory

A

Postulates that mitochondria & chloroplasts were one free living prokaryotes that became incorporateed into eukaryotic cells established a symbiotic relationship

33
Q

Mitochondrial Inheritance

A

Mom’s mitochondria are passed fro generation to generation. You do not inherit any of dads mitochondria.

34
Q

Chloroplasts contain…

A

the green pigment chlorophyll, as well as enzymes and other molecules that function in photosynthesis

35
Q

Cytoskeletons Functions

A

Mechanical Support
Shape
Movement

36
Q

Cytoskeleton; Microtubules

A

Straight and hollow tubes that guide the movement of organelles and chromosomes

37
Q

Intermediate Filaments and Microfilaments

A

These are thinner and solid

38
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

Animal cells lack cell walls but are covered by that

39
Q

What is the ECM made up of?

A

Collagen, Proteoglycans, and fibronectin

40
Q

Integrins

A

ECM proteins bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane

BIOL-L 112 Exam 1 (7 decks)

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