Chapter 7 Flashcards
Radioactivity
Is the release of high energy rays and particles from a substance due to changes in the nuclei
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons but some mass number
39K. Potassium-39
19
Mass #= atomic # - neutrons #of neutrons= mass # - atomic #
Alpha decay
Has 2 protons 2 neutrons Charge of 2+ Same as helium nucleus Low penetrating blocked by paper Reduce atomic # by 2 and mass # by 4 More massive then beta & gamma
Beta decay
Is electron charge of -1 Neutron splits into pro and elec and the pro stays and elec shoots off Mass not change atomic add 1 Light weight Fast moving Blocked by aluminum
Gamma decay
The redistribution of energy Almost no mass both atomic and mass don't change Highest energy Short wavelength Lead or concert stop it
Half live
The time required for half of the nuclei in a sample to decay
Rates of radioactive decay
Half life. P. D
- 100% 1. 0% 0
- 50%. 1/2. 50% 1/2
- 25% 1/4. 75% 3/4
- 12.5% 1/8. 88.5% 7/8
- 6.25% 1/16. 93.75% 15/16
Decay curve
It’s a curved line on a graph that shows the rate of a radioisotopes decay
Parent isotope
The isotope that is decaying
Daughter isotope
The stable product
Nuclear fission
The splitting of one heavy unstable nuclei into two lighter ones
Fusion
Is the joining of two light nuclei into one heavier one
CANDU
Canadian made nuclear reactors
Safe and effective
About fission
Occurs energy is produced/ neutrons released
Release huge amount of energy
Produces radioactive daughter
Used in nuclear reactions and weapons
Created when nucleus is bombarded with neutrons
About fusion
Release huge amount of energy Does not produce radioactive stuff Used in weapons and sun Created from high temp and pressure Still trying to harness the power
