Chapter 5, Acid/base/organic Flashcards
pH scale
The number scale for measuring how acidic or basic a solution is
Acids
- pH less then 7
- compounds that start with “H”
- produce H+ ions when dissolved in water
- can conduct electricity
- sour
- corrosive and burns
Bases
- pH greater then 7
- compounds that end with “OH”
- produce OH- when dissolved
- can conduct electricity
- bitter
- slippery feel and burns
Concentration
Of hydrogen ions refers to the number of hydrogen ions in a specific volume of solution
Caustic
Solutions made from highly reactive bases, such as drain cleaner and oven cleaner
Neutralization reaction
Acid + base –> salt + water
Binary acids
Acids with two elements
Add hydro and “ic”
HF = hydrofluoric acid
Polyatomic with “ate”
Put “ic”
HNO3 = nitric acid
Polyatomic’s with “ite”
Change to “ous”
HNO2 = nitrous acid
Organic compound
It refers to almost all carbon containing compounds, whether they are produced naturally or a laboratory. Always contain carbon and almost always contains hydrogen. Exceptions: CO2, CO, carbonates
How many valance electrons does carbon contain
4 and can make 4 covalent bonds
Carbon can…
Bond with its self to to form long chains of atoms, this is important in the manufacture of plastics
How can you recognize organic compounds
Because it contains Carbon and sometimes hydrogen
Hydrocarbon
Is an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen
All are flammable
Methane
H
|
H-C-H
|
H
Simple hydrocarbon
CH4
