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Science > Chapter 12-Earth Science > Flashcards

Chapter 12-Earth Science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who proposed the supercontinent

A

Alfred Wegener

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2
Q

Supercontinent called what and why

A

Pangaea
Pan means all
Gaea means earth

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3
Q

Evidence for continental drift

A
  • fit like jigsaw
  • matching geological structures and rocks
  • fossil evidence
  • climate evidence
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4
Q

Matching geological structures and rocks

A

Mountain ranges started on one continent and continue on another

Other continents have same rocks

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5
Q

Matching fossils

A

Mesosaurus was found on two different continents and couldn’t have swam across an ocean

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6
Q

Climate evidence

A

Coal in cold places

Glaciers in warm places

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7
Q

Paleoglaciation

A

Refers both to the extant of ancient glaciers and to the rock markings they left behind

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8
Q

Evidence for tectonic plates

A
  • volcanoes & earthquakes
  • continental drift
  • sea floor spreading
  • magnetism
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9
Q

Earthquakes and volcanoes

A

Plates boundaries determined by where they are

Volcanoes from friction
Earthquakes from plates rubbing

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10
Q

Sea floor spreading

A

By a underwater Ridge system newer rock in near the centre older is farther away

Molten hot rock breaks through the ridge

Land- Rift Valley ocean- spreading centre

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11
Q

Magnetism

A

Sea floor shows patterns of reversal and perfect mirror image on both sides

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12
Q

Three main layers of earth

A

Crust
Mantle
Core

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13
Q

All layers

A 
Inner core-solid
Outer core-liquid
Asthenosphere-liquid/solid
Lithosphere(m/c)- solid
Crust-solid(basalt, granite)
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14
Q

Lithosphere

A

The layer of earth made up of the crust and the most solid part of upper mantle

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15
Q

Asthenosphere

A

A partly molten layer just below lithosphere. It sits on it

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16
Q

Convection currents

A

When heated material expands and rises plates push apart and when denser currents cool, sink the plates pull together

17
Q

What heats up asthenosphere

A

Radioactive decay

18
Q

Driving force behind plate movement

A

Convection currents

19
Q

Divergent

A

-plates spread apart
-mid-Atlantic rid(spreading ridges)
Creates
. Spreading centre
. Mid-ocean ride
. Rift Valley

20
Q

Convergent

Ocean/land

A
  • plates collide
  • dense ocean plate subduct under the the continental plate
  • Juan de Fuca plate and North America plate
  • volcanic belt, mountain ranges, deep sea trench
21
Q

Convergent

Ocean/ocean

A

Two ocean plates collide the denser plate will subduct

  • islands of Japan & Indonesia
  • volcanic island arc, earthquakes, deep sea trench
22
Q

Convergent

Land/land

A

When to land plates collide neither subduct

  • indo-Australian colliding with Eurasian formed Himalayas
  • mountain ranges
23
Q

Transform

A
  • slide past each other
  • San Andrea’s fault: North American plate & pacific plate
  • earthquakes, faults
24
Q

Hot spots

A

Area where molten rises to earths surface

  • Hawaiian islands
  • volcanic islands
25
Q

Epicentre

A

Is the point on earth surface directly above the focus

26
Q

Focus

A

Is where the pressure release in the earth

27
Q

Earthquake more damage

A

Shallow

28
Q

Seismic waves

A

Show the epicentre and what the Earth is made of

29
Q

Primary waves

A

P-waves

  • body waves
  • fastest
  • through solid, gas, liquid
  • ground stretches and expandes
30
Q

Secondary waves

A

S-waves

  • body waves
  • slower
  • ground motion perpendicular to wave travel
  • travels through solids not liquids
31
Q

Surface waves

A

L-waves

  • earths waves
  • last to arrive
  • slowest
  • ground motion is rolling action
32
Q

Seismometer

A

Used to measure seismic wave energy

33
Q

Composite volcanoes

A

Form a tall cone
Mt St. Helens
Magma cools and hardens

34
Q

Shield volcanoes

A

Largest
Wide cone
Flows out from a hot spot

35
Q

Scale used to measure magnitude

A

The Richter scale

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