Chapter 7 Flashcards
Deviance
Traits or behaviors that violate expected rules or norms
stigma
A negative label that devalues a person and changes her or his self-concept and social identity
Crime
Violation of societal norms and rules for which punishment is specified by law
Criminologists
Researchers who use scientific methods to study the nature, extent, cause and control of criminal behavior
Victimization survey
Interviewing people about their experiences as crimes victims
Victimless Crimes
Crimes that don’t have a victim (Under age drinking)
Social Control
Technique and strategies that regulate peoples behaviors in society
Sanctions
Rewards or punishment for obeying or violating a norm
Anomie
Conditions in which people are unsure of how to behave because of absent, conflicting or confusing social norms
Strain Theory
Idea that people may engage in deviant behavior when they experience a conflict between goals and the means available to obtain the goals
White-collar crimes
Crimes committed in the work place at high levels
Corporate crimes
(Organizational crimes) Crimes committed at the executive level
Cybercrime
(Computer crimes) Illegal activities that are conducted online
Organized crime
Activities of individuals and groups that supply illegal goods and services for profit
Patriarchy
Hierarchical system in a society which cultural, political, and economic structure controlled by men
Differential association theory
Perspective that asserts that people learn deviance through interaction
Labeling theory
Perspective that holds that societys reaction to behavior is a major factor in defining oneself
Primary Deviance
The initial act of breaking a rule
Secondary Deviance
Rule-breaking behavior that people adopt in response to reactions of others
Criminal Justice system
Government agencies including the police, courts, and prisons
Crime control model
An approach that believes that crime rates increase when offenders don’t fear apprehension of punishment
Rehabilitation
A social control approach that holds that appropriate treatment can change offenders into productive, law-abiding society
