Chapter 1 Flashcards
Sociology
Systematic study of social interaction at a variety of levels
Sociological Imagination
Intersection between individuals lives and larger social influences, or the connection between personal troubles and structural issues
Micro-sociology
concentrates on the relationships between individuals characteristics, small-scale patterns
Macro-sociology
Examines the relationships between institutional characteristics, large-scale patterns
Theory
Set of statements that explains why a phenomenon occurs, produces knowledge, guides research…etc
Auguste Comte
Father of Sociology, believed that sociology should be an empirical science
Harriet Martineau
Improved sociology by focusing on systematic data collection, advocated for social reforms and championed equality for women
Emile Durkheim
Saw society as characterized by unity and cohesion because its members are bound together by common interests and attitudes
Social Facts
Aspects of social life, external to the individual that can be measured
Division of Labor
Interdependence of different tasks and occupations, characteristics of industrialized societies. that produces social unity and facilitates change
Empirical
Information should be based on observation, experiments, or other data collection rather tan Ideology, intuition or conventional wisdom
Social solidarity
Social cohesiveness and harmony
Karl Marx
Economic issues produce divisiveness rather than social solidarity
Class Conflict
produces a society divided into the “haves” and the “have-nots”
Alienation
The feeling of separation from one’s group or society
Capitalist
economic system in which the ownership of the means of production is in private hands
Max Weber
Focused social organization and the interrelationship between economic, political, and cultural institutions
Value-free
sociology where the researcher separates her or his personal value, opinions, ideology, and beliefs from scientific research
Jane Addams
One of the founders of symbolic interactions in america and co-founded Hull House, won Noble peace prized
Hull House
One of the first settlements houses in Chicago that served as a community center for the poor
W.E.B Du Bois
examined the oppressive effects of race and class, first major black sociologist writing prolifically on race relations in the US
Functionalism
An approach that maintains that society is a complex system of interdependent parts that work together to ensure a society’s survives
Dysfunctional
social patterns that have a negative impact on a group or society
Manifest Functions
purposes and activities that are intended and recognized; they are present and clearly evident
Latent Functions
Unintended and unrecognized; they are present but not immediately obvious
Conflict theory
An approach that examines how and why groups disagree, struggle over power, and compete for scarce resources
Feminist theory
Approaches that examines and seek to explain the social, economic, and political inequality of women in society
Symbolic Interactionism
Micro-level perspective that examines individuals’ everyday behavior through the communication of knowledge, ideas, beliefs and attitudes
