Chapter 3

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

(Tool Box) defined as learned and shared behaviors, beliefs, attitude, values, and material objects that characterize a particular group or society

Question 2

Society

Answer 2

Organized population who see themselves as a social unit

Question 3

Symbols

Answer 3

Anything that stands for something else, and has a particular meaning for people who share a culture

Question 4

Material culture

Answer 4

The tangible objects that members of society make,use, and share

Question 5

Non-material Culture

Answer 5

the shared set of meanings that people in a society use to interpret and understand the world

Question 6

Language

Answer 6

System of shared symbols that enables people to communicate with one another

Question 7

Co-habitation

Answer 7

(Shacking Up) when people live together without being married but have an intimate relationship

Question 8

Values

Answer 8

Standards that provide general guideline for behavior

Question 9

Norms

Answer 9

represents a particular society’s rules for behavior (Ought behaviors)

Question 10

Folkways

Answer 10

Rules members of society see as important, but are not seen as critical

Question 11

Mores

Answer 11

Norms that members of a society consider very important because they maintain moral and ethical behavior

Question 12

Law

Answer 12

Rigid norms strictly enforced by society, formal rules about behavior

Question 13

Taboo

Answer 13

Strong prohibitions of any act that is considered to be extremely offensive and forbidden because of social customs, religious or moral beliefs and laws

Question 14

Sanctions

Answer 14

Rewards for good or appropriate behavior and/or penalties for bad or inappropriate behavior

Question 15

Cultural universal

Answer 15

customs and practices tat are common to all societies

Question 16

Ideal culture

Answer 16

Is the beliefs, values, and norms that people say they hold (what we say)

Question 17

Real culture

Answer 17

are a society’s actual everyday behavior (What you do)

Question 18

Culture shock

Answer 18

State of confusion and uncertainty that accompanies exposure to an unfamiliar way of life or environment

Question 19

Ethnocentrism

Answer 19

beliefs that one’s culture and way of life are superior to those of other groups

Question 20

Popular Culture

Answer 20

Refers to beliefs, practices, activities and products that are widely shared within a population in everyday

Question 21

Mass media

Answer 21

Form of communication designed to reach large number of people

Question 22

Cultural relativism

Answer 22

Refers to recognizing that no culture is better than another and that a culture should be judged by its own standards

Question 23

Multi-culturalism

Answer 23

(Cultural pluralism) refers to the coexistence of many cultures in the same geographic are, without any one culture dominating another

Question 24

Subculture

Answer 24

a group of people whose distinctive ways of thinking, feelings, and acting differ somewhat from those of the larger society

Question 25

Counterculture

Answer 25

a group of people who deliberately oppose and consciously reject some of the basic beliefs, value, and norms of the dominant culture

Question 26

Cultural Change

Answer 26

Is caused by diffusion, innovation, discovery, external pressures, and changing physical environment

Question 27

Cultural imperialism

Answer 27

When the cultural values and products of one nations influence or dominate those of another country

Question 28

Functionalists

Answer 28

View culture in terms of its role in social integration, similar norms and values create solidarity and stability in a culture

Question 29

Conflict theorists

Answer 29

Argue that US culture and others suffer from widespread inequality

Question 30

Feminism

Answer 30

Perspective emphasizes how gender can lead to women experiencing culture differently gender, race/ethnicity, and social class

Question 31

Symbolic interactionists

Answer 31

(Micro-level) focus on hows people interpret culture, transmit norms an values through social interaction

Question 32

Serendipity effect

Answer 32

Discoveries is done by chance

Question 33

Cultural lag

Answer 33

gap when non-materialist cultures change more slowly then materialist cultures