Chapter 4 Flashcards
Socialization
The lifelong process of social interaction in which the individual acquires a social identity and ways of thinking, feeling and acting that are essential for effective participation in a society
Role
The behavior we play different roles I’m different positions
Internalization
The process of learning cultural behaviors and expectation so deeply that we assume they are correct and accept them without question
Nature V. Nurture
If we learn something naturally, rather than learning it through experience, genetics V. learning
Sociobiology
Applies biological principles to explain the behavior of animals, including human beings
Social learning theories
maintains tat apple learn new attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through social interactions especially during childhood
Direct learning
Being rewarded or punished, we learn many behaviors through reinforcement
Indirect learning
Imitating people who are important in our lives (modeling)
Self
An awareness of ones social identity
Looking-glass self
A self-image based on how we thing others see us (Reflected self)
The three phases
- Perception 2. Interpretation 3. Response
Role taking
Learning to take the perspective of others
Significant other
the people who are important in ones life
Charles Horton Cooley
Developed the looking-glass self
George Herbert Mead
Argued that humans developed a self or an awareness of ones social identity
I
Creative and unpredictiabel self
Me
Successfully socialized and aware of others attitudes
Three stages of development
- Preparatory 2. Play 3. Game
Anticipatory socialization
The process of learning how to perform a role ones does not yet occupy
Generalized others
Peoples who don’t have close ties to a child but who influences her or his internalization of societies norms and values
Impression mangement
the process of providing information and cues to others to present oneself in a favorable light while downplaying or concealing ones less appealing qualities
Erving Goffman
Staging the self in everyday life, We engage in role performance, we are actors in society
Reference group
Groups of people who shape an individuals self-image, behavior, values, and attitudes indifferent contexts
Agent of socialization
the individuals, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know to participate effectively in society
Authoritarian
Very demanding, controlling, punitive
Authoritative
Demanding, controlling, warm, supportive
Permissive
Not demanding, warm, indulgent, set few rules
Uninvolved
Neither supportive nor controlling
Peer groups
People who are similar in age, social status and interest
Resocialization
the process if unlearning old ways of doing things, and adopting new attitudes, values, norms and behavior
Total institutions
Places where people are isolated from the res of scout, stripped of their former identities and required to conform to new rules and behaviors
