Chapter 6 Flashcards
Social group
Consists of two or more people that interact with one another an who share a common identity, a sense of belonging or “we-ness”
Primary group
Relatively small group of people who engage intimate face-to-face interaction over an extended period of time
Secondary group
Usually a large, formal, impersonal, and temporary collection of people that pursues a specific goal or activity
Ideal types
general elements that describe a social phenomenon rather than every case
In-group
Share a sense of identity and “we-ness” that typically excludes and devalues outsiders
Out-group
People who are viewed and treated negatively because they are seen as negative values, beliefs and there characteristics different from ones own
Reference group
Group of people that shape our behavior, values., and attitudes
Group conformity
A number of studies show, however, that most people are profoundly influenced by group pressure
Group think
qTendency of in-group members to conform without critically testing, analyzing and evaluating ideas, narrow view
Social network
Web of social ties that links an individuals to others
Formal organizations
Complex and structured secondary group that is deliberately created to achieve specific goals in an efficient manner
Voluntary associations
Formal organization created by people who share common interest and who are not paid for their participation
bureaucracy
Formal organization that is designed to accomplish goals and tasks through the efforts of a large number of people
Bureaucratic ritualism
Often overrides the goals of the organization
Parkinson’s Law
Tendency to fill the time available for a task completely to avoid getting another assignment
Peter principle
Tendency for workers are to be promoted until they reach their “level of incompetence”
Goal displacement
Preoccupation of rules and regulations rather than achieving the organization objective
Iron law of oligarchy
Tendency of bureaucracy to become increasingly dominate by a small group of people
dehumanization
treat someone as though he or she is not a human being
Mcdonaldization of society
Refers to when the organizational principles that underlie Mcdonalds, efficiency, calculability, predictability and control
Informal networks
Often makes decisions for the organization
Glass ceiling
Attitudes or organizational biases in the workplace that prevent women from advancing to leadership positions
Social institutions
organized and established social system that meets one or more of societys basic needs
Global displacement
tendency of organizations to substitute alternate goals for the goals the organization was established to serve
