Chapter 6

Question 1

Social group

Answer 1

Consists of two or more people that interact with one another an who share a common identity, a sense of belonging or “we-ness”

Question 2

Primary group

Answer 2

Relatively small group of people who engage intimate face-to-face interaction over an extended period of time

Question 3

Secondary group

Answer 3

Usually a large, formal, impersonal, and temporary collection of people that pursues a specific goal or activity

Question 4

Ideal types

Answer 4

general elements that describe a social phenomenon rather than every case

Question 5

In-group

Answer 5

Share a sense of identity and “we-ness” that typically excludes and devalues outsiders

Question 6

Out-group

Answer 6

People who are viewed and treated negatively because they are seen as negative values, beliefs and there characteristics different from ones own

Question 7

Reference group

Answer 7

Group of people that shape our behavior, values., and attitudes

Question 8

Group conformity

Answer 8

A number of studies show, however, that most people are profoundly influenced by group pressure

Question 9

Group think

Answer 9

qTendency of in-group members to conform without critically testing, analyzing and evaluating ideas, narrow view

Question 10

Social network

Answer 10

Web of social ties that links an individuals to others

Question 11

Formal organizations

Answer 11

Complex and structured secondary group that is deliberately created to achieve specific goals in an efficient manner

Question 12

Voluntary associations

Answer 12

Formal organization created by people who share common interest and who are not paid for their participation

Question 13

bureaucracy

Answer 13

Formal organization that is designed to accomplish goals and tasks through the efforts of a large number of people

Question 14

Bureaucratic ritualism

Answer 14

Often overrides the goals of the organization

Question 15

Parkinson’s Law

Answer 15

Tendency to fill the time available for a task completely to avoid getting another assignment

Question 16

Peter principle

Answer 16

Tendency for workers are to be promoted until they reach their “level of incompetence”

Question 17

Goal displacement

Answer 17

Preoccupation of rules and regulations rather than achieving the organization objective

Question 18

Iron law of oligarchy

Answer 18

Tendency of bureaucracy to become increasingly dominate by a small group of people

Question 19

dehumanization

Answer 19

treat someone as though he or she is not a human being

Question 20

Mcdonaldization of society

Answer 20

Refers to when the organizational principles that underlie Mcdonalds, efficiency, calculability, predictability and control

Question 21

Informal networks

Answer 21

Often makes decisions for the organization

Question 22

Glass ceiling

Answer 22

Attitudes or organizational biases in the workplace that prevent women from advancing to leadership positions

Question 23

Social institutions

Answer 23

organized and established social system that meets one or more of societys basic needs

Question 24

Global displacement

Answer 24

tendency of organizations to substitute alternate goals for the goals the organization was established to serve