Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is high-grade energy ?

A

Energy able to perform work such as chemical (bond energy), electrical (membrane potential,action potential), mechanical (kinetic, gravitational potential).

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2
Q

What is low-grade energy?

A

Energy unable to perform work only molecular kinetic energy, heat that is the ultimate destiny for other energy form.

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3
Q

What factors affect metabolic rate in animals?

A

Body size,eating,exercise

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4
Q

Metabolic rate best measured by

A

Calorimetry- (Direct/Indirect) AKA material balance

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5
Q

Direct Calorimeter

A

measures heat leaving body

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6
Q

Indirect Calorimeter

A

measures rate of respiratory gas exchange w/ its environment & measures chemical- energy content of organic matter that enters/leaves the body.
-O2 consumption

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7
Q

Calculate Respiratory exchange ratio (R)

A

Foodstuff-RER
Carbs-1.0
Lipids-0.71
Protein-0.83

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8
Q

Interpret RER/ What measurements are required to calculate it ?

A
RER=moles of CO2 produced per unit time/ moles of O2 consumed per unit time
-Req to cal
02 consumed
CO2 produced 
glucose consumed
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9
Q

not isometric(straight line 1) w/ body weight but it is allometry, can calculate the metabolic rate per unit of body weight

A

weight specific metabolic rate

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10
Q

EXP=1

A

Isometry

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11
Q

exp>1

A

positive allometry

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12
Q

exp

A

negative allometry

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13
Q

BMR and SMR relation?

A
  • measured while the animal is resting/fasting
  • exercise produces metabolic rate increase
  • feeding causes metabolic rate increase(SDA)
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14
Q

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

used for homothermic animals, measured at their thermoneutral zone,or the temp range in which it is minimal

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15
Q

Standard metabolic rate (SMR)

A

used for poikilothermic animals and is specific to the temp at which it is measured, many SMR for a given individual.

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16
Q

Multiple underlying causes theory

A

-rates of underlying biochemical processes (rate of ATP production) interact to produce a common “organisimal” scaling relationship

17
Q

What theoretical explans the accommadates difference to allometric slope in exercising vs resting animals

A

multiple underlying causes theory

18
Q

What theroretical explains the scaling of metabolic rate as combined effects of underlying process

A

multiple underlying causes

19
Q

Energy

A

capacity to do mechanical work, measured as the product of force and distance or capacity to increase order.

20
Q

heat- random atomic molecular motion

A

molecular kinetic energy

21
Q

when b is not 1, unproportional

A

Allometric equation

22
Q

M=aW

A

b equal to 1, proportional relation

23
Q

Rubner’s Surface area law (1883)

A

based on the surface area to volume ratio, which grows as 2/3 in a geometrically scaling system.

24
Q

developed for animals, release heat through their body surface, but doesn’t explain the allometry for other poikilothermic animals.

A

Rubner’s law

25
Q

Branching circulatory systems must fill space optimally to service all cells. 3/4 exponent

A

fractal, space-filing transport theory

26
Q

Specific Dynamic Action

A

feeding causes increase in metabolic rate