Chapter 29 Flashcards
Medications to treat hypertension act on the
Na–K–2Cl cotransporter.
Which of the following can be present in the proximal convoluted tubule in amphibians’ nephrons?
a. Sodium
b. Amino acids
c. Chloride
d. Both a and c
e. All of the above
E
If the blood pressure in the glomerular capillary is +7 kPa, the colloid osmotic pressure is –3 kPa, and the capsular fluid hydrostatic pressure is –2 kPa, then the filtration pressure is _______ kPa.
2
If the filtration pressure is +8 kPa, the colloid osmotic pressure is –2 kPa, and the capsular fluid hydrostatic pressure is –1 kPa, then the pressure in the glomerular capillaries is _______ kPa.
11
Which of the following molecules can pass through the nephrons?
a. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 9.5 kilodaltons
b. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 12.5 kilodaltons
c. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 13.5 kilodaltons
d. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 14.5 kilodaltons
e. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 15.5 kilodaltons
A
The active transport of NaCl in the ascending limb of loop of Henle leads to
hyperosmotic fluid in the interstitial region.
The vasa recta are
a. cells in the collecting ducts.
b. substances released from the bladder.
c. a species of amphibians.
d. blood capillaries around the proximal convoluted tubules in mammals.
e. None of the above
E
Urea is reabsorbed in the collecting duct by
facilitated diffusion.
What is the correct order, from blood to ureter, of the structures of a mammalian nephron?
Bowman’s capsule; proximal convoluted tubule; loop of Henle; distal convoluted tubule
In amphibians, when ADH is released, the number of aquaporins in the bladder and the distal convoluted tubule ____.
increases
Which of the following statements about marine teleosts is false?
a. They usually lack a distal convoluted tubule.
b. They are hyposmotic to seawater.
c. They have more nephrons compared to freshwater teleosts.
d. They live in a hyperosmotic environment.
e. Some species lack glomeruli.
C
Which of the following is usually not found in marine teleosts?
a. Glomerular capsule
b. Proximal convoluted tubule
c. Loop of Henle
d. Distal convoluted tubule
e. Collecting duct
D
In amphibians, sodium reabsorption begins in the
proximal convoluted tubule.
Insects have excretory tubules known as
Malpighian tubules.
In amphibians, chloride reabsorption begins in the
proximal convoluted tubule.
In the mammalian proximal convoluted tubule, sodium reabsorption is coupled with
glucose and protons.
What hormones controls water regulation in the kidney?
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Which of the following will not have an effect on the glomerular blood pressure?
a. Nervous system innervation of the smooth muscles that surround blood vessels
b. Endocrine system hormones acting on skeletal muscles
c. An increase in heart rate
d. A change in the diameter of the afferent blood vessel
e. A change in the diameter of the efferent blood vessel
B
The colloid osmotic pressure is best defined as the
a. pressure generated by the beating of the heart.
b. pressure generated by the contraction of skeletal muscles pushing on the blood vessels.
c. pressure generated by the contraction of smooth muscles around the blood vessels.
d. osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the blood vessels.
e. pressure difference between the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma and the osmotic pressure of the capsular fluid.
D
The macula densa in mammalian nephrons secrete
renin
In this class period (75mi) your kidney glomeruli will filter how much of your blood plasma?
All of it more than twice
What drives ultrafiltration in your kidneys glomeruli ?
Blood hydrostatic pressure
NaCL reabsorption and water reabsorption in the proximal tubules of this mudpuppies nephrons results in urine that is ____ to blood and in distal tubules is ___ to blood.
isosmotic,hyposmotic
In diuresis, ___ levels of ADH result in aquaporin ___ distal tubule epithelial cell membranes of this leaf frog.
low,removal from
Urine concentrated before it leaves the kidney in____
collecting ducts
Urine leaves the loop of Henle with ____ osmotic pressure than when it enters.
lower
Diuresis occurs when the collecting duct ?
becomes less permeable to water
Where does passive countercurrent exchange occur, preserving the Nacl concentration gradient?
vasa recta(vein)
____ is the active transport of a
solute into the renal tubule, followed by osmosis and diffusion of
other solutes into the tubule.
secertion
______ urine is produced by _____, both in volume
and composition, of the primary urine within the renal tubules.
definitive, extensive modification
Water reabsorption is controlled by altering the permeability of the tubule to water. Lower permeability = ?
hyposmotic urine
ADH ____ water permeability of distal tubule (i.e. decreases water excretion), but ADH levels are low. ADH also____ GFR and promotes ___ reabsorption.
increases,reduces, NaCl
Urinary bladder responds to ADH by reabsorbing ___ and _____ water permeability (and reabsorption). Amphibians can thereby store water in their bladders. Most vertebrates can’t
NaCL, increasing
