Chapter 16 Flashcards
The cortex of the adrenal gland secretes primarily
steroid hormones.
hormones is directly controlled by a hypothalamic releasing hormone?
ACTH
Steroid hormones are synthesized from
cholesterol on demand and are released into the blood via diffusion.
Which of the following hormones is not directly involved in regulating the extracellular concentration of calcium in mammals?
a. Parathyroid stimulating hormone
b. Parathyroid hormone
c. Active vitamin D
d. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
e. Calcitonin
A
Which of the following insect hormones is not directly involved in ecdysis?
a. Juvenile hormone
b. Ecdysone
c. Pre-ecdysis triggering hormone
d. Ecdysis triggering hormone
e. Bursicon
e
Which of the following is not a result of sympathetic activation?
a. Increased heart rate
b. Release of glucocorticoids
c. Decreased digestion
d. Vasoconstriction
e. Release of epinephrine
B
will stimulate mobilization of glucagon?
not eating
A neuron that releases the contents of its vesicles into the bloodstream rather than a synapse is called a
neurosecretory cell
describes the mechanism of ADH?
Aquaporins are added to membrane of the collecting duct so that more water can be reabsorbed.
hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
Vasopressin and oxytocin
Glucagon and epinephrine together amplify each other’s effectiveness in opposing the actions of insulin. This amplification is an example of
synergism.
The specialized vascular system in the anterior pituitary, which transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus, is called the _______ portal system.
hypothalamo–hypophysial
chemical signals released into the environment to convey information to other animals of the same species?
Pheromones and synomones
Peptide hormones are synthesized by
transcription of DNA, translation, and posttranslational processing.
Which of the following will not occur during a stress response?
a. Increased heart rate
b. An increase in insulin
c. Release of glucocorticoids
d. Mobilization of glucose
e. Increased ventilation
b
hormones acts to reduce plasma volume?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Aldosterone _______ reabsorption of _______ so that more water is _______
increases; Na+; reabsorbed
directly controls insect metamorphosis?
Prothoracicotropic hormone, ecdysone, and juvenile hormone
Which of the following is not a tropic hormone?
a. Growth hormone
b. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
c. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
d. Luteinizing hormone
e. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
A
what passes through cell membranes and cause a delayed effect via alteration of gene expression and attach to cell surface receptors and exert rapid non-genomic effects.
steroid hormones
endocrine/neuroendocrine works at a ___, ____ control system
slow, broadcast
ES: main chemical agents are ____, which secrete into the ____ by secretary cells, that may be organized into discrete ____ _____.
hormones, bloodstream, endocrine gland
ES: hormones bind to what? and respond based on what?
target cells, and respond based on the presences and concentration of receptor molecules specific to that hormone.
ES: target cells alter their what in response to what?
metabolism in response to binding the hormone and may release their own hormones
ES: hormone concentration in the blood determines what? and controlled by both?
magnitude of the effect and are controlled by both the rate of secretion and rate of removal/degradation.
what is a hormone?
metabolically produced chemical that exerts regulatory influences on the function of distant cells
T/F: hormone effective at very low concentration?
T
hormones secreted into the ?
blood or extracellular fluid
3 types of chemical hormones?
steroid, peptide/protein , amine
synthesized from cholestrol, lipid soluble?
steroid hormone
a few to several hundreds amino acids, water soluble?
peptide/ protein hormone
modified amino acids, soluble in water or lipids?
amine hormone
hormones bind to ___ in target cells, so despite being broadcast they have specific actions
receptors
Steroid Hormones Type 1 is what? and whats the carrier bound?
not stored but synthesized on demand and secreted by diffusion. carrier bound : LDL and HDL
Peptide/protein hormone type 2 is stored in what ?
stored in vesicles and secreted on demand.
Type 3: Amine Hormone is stored in what?
stored in vesicles and secreted on demand
Some hormones are _____ activated (e.g. T4 to T3)
peripherally
Effects of hormones: T/F: Any and all metabolic changes in target cells, including upregulation and downregulation of enzymes, and transcription of DNA.
T
Hormones may bind to what types of receptors?
g protein-coupled receptors, intracellular receptors, or enzyme-linked membrane receptors
Effects of hormones: may active second messenger via
G proteins
Steroid hormones act as _____ factors, once bound to _____ receptor
transcription, intracellular
Tropins influence what? (thyrotropin)
the activity of other endocrine glands.
T/F: Many cells may have receptors, therefore there can be whole organism effects. E.g. insulin affects most cells in the body
T
Hormones are synthesized, stored and released by what and which are made up of what?
endocrine glands, secretory cells
another name of endocrine glands
ductless gland
glands can be discrete like what, or diffuse like what?
like the testis or pituitary, and diffuse like the adrenal gland of amphibian or the gastrin secreting G cells of the stomach lining.
secretory cells can be either ???
epithelial or neurosecretory
T/F: epithelial secretory cells secrete hormones in response to other hormones but can also respond to neural input.
t
T/F: neurosecretory cells are triggered to secrete neurohormones by synaptic input from neurons.
T
“Glands” come in two types?
exocrine and endocrine
Insulin stored in?
vesicles
Prolactin comes from the __________ and its function in mammals is to __________.
anterior pitutitary…promote milk production
T/F: Synergism is the mechanism in which one hormone is required to be present in order for another to function.
F , Permissiveness
