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Physiology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

synapses carry out what?

A

signals from cell to cell

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2
Q

Synaptic potentials can be ?

A

excitatory or inhibitory

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3
Q

changes in ion permeability are what?

A

central to chemical synapse function

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4
Q

what are released in quanta and from where do they come from?

A

neurotransmitter; from presynaptic neurons into the synapses

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5
Q

what are the two modes of action?

A

ionotropic, metabotropic

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6
Q

what is ionotropic action?

A

fast, ligand-gated channel

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7
Q

metabotropic action mode is?

A

slower, g-protein coupled receptor

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8
Q

what is a mechanism of learning?

A

synaptic plasticity

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9
Q

Electrical synapses are relatively _____ action and are almost always____?

A

simple ; excitatory

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10
Q

what kind of synapse currents spreads between cells according to t and L?

A

electrical

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11
Q

Electrical synapses cytoplasmic connects between cells by what ? and are made up of what channel?

A

Gap junction, connexon

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12
Q

synapse that has no delay in spread of current also known as what?

A

electrical; short-latency synaptic relays

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13
Q

T/F: in electrical synapse AP in one cell triggers AP in coupled cell?

A

True

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14
Q

T/F: in electrical synapse there is amplification or conditioning of signals?

A

False, No amp/cond

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15
Q

electrical synapses current can flow what way?

A

bidirectional; flow both ways

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16
Q

are electrical synapse present where speed/synchronization are paramount?

A

yes

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17
Q

are electrical synapse absent in circuits that control rapid behaviors, such as escape or defensive behavior(electric organ)?

A

no, they are present.

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18
Q

Gap junctions are formed by? and what is its purpose?

A

connexon, to form channels for ion movement

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19
Q

gap junctions are present where?

A

heart muscle

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20
Q

the connexon of ___ membrane associate to form?

A

two; complete channel

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21
Q

are chemical synapses simple or complex action?

A

complex

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22
Q

In chemical synapses, presynaptic cells release neurotransmitters from ___ into the ____ , about ___ nm gap between cells?

A

synaptic vessicles, synaptic cleft, 30

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23
Q

are chemical synapses slower than electrical ? if so how long delay?

A

yes , 0.3-3 ms

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24
Q

in chemical synapses neurotransmitter diffuse to ____ to bind to ____ or ___?

A

postsynaptic cell, ligand-channel ion channel or g-protein-coupled receptor

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25
Q

In chemical synapses ion channels open in post-synaptic cells alternating membrane potential, either _____ it or ____ it?

A

depolarizing, hyperpolarizing

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26
Q

T/F: chemical synapses can be excitatory or inhibitory.

A

T

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27
Q

Unlike electrical synapses, chemical synapses can what do what to current flow?

28
Q

chemical synapses flows in what direction?

A

undirectional, presynaptic to postsynaptic

29
Q

T/F: chemical synapses can modify their properties based on recent history

30
Q

what is synaptic potential?

A

graded change in the postsynaptic cell in response to neurotransmitter binding, lasting 10-20ms

31
Q

a synaptic potential that depolarizes the membrane is ____causing an ____ of the possibility of ____to occur?

A

excitatory;increase;action potential

32
Q

a synaptic potential that hyperpolarizes the membrane is ____causing an ____ of the possibility of ____to occur?

A

inhibitory;decrease;action potential

33
Q

T/F: Synaptic potential can be inhibitory or excitatory?

34
Q

What is temporal summation?

A

a nerve is stimulated repeatealy and rapidly , esps combine.

35
Q

what is spatial summation?

A

stimutaniously occurs esps produced by different nerves combines (stimulus A+B)

36
Q

T/F: postsynaptic potential are all or none action?

37
Q

summation is the basis for?

A

neuronal intergration

38
Q

what is neuronal intergration?

A

weights the input from thousand of presynaptic neurons in relation to their distance from the axon hilllocks.

39
Q

site of impulse generation?

A

axon hilllock

40
Q

T/F: postsynaptic AP occurs within a few ms from presynaptic AP?

41
Q

In chemical synapses, depolarizing presynaptic membrane opens what channel?

42
Q

what triggers synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release?

A

Ca2+ influx

43
Q

acetylcholine binds to what receptor in postsynaptic membrane and triggers esps?

44
Q

receptor is a channel for?

45
Q

opening channels moves vm towards___, which is close to 0mv?

A

reversal potential

46
Q

T/F: neurotransmitter are broken down or taken up by presynaptic terminal.

47
Q

at the neuromusclar junction, the synapse is a ___ response, meaning a presynaptic AP always triggers an EPSP and postsynaptic AP.

48
Q

CNS has _____ synpases, resulting in ____ from ____ premeability to ___.

A

intergrated, IPSP, increase Cl-

49
Q

Ach receptor is a _____channel for both ___ and ___ ions, also allows ___ to pass through.

A

single ligand gated channel, Na+/K+, Cl-

50
Q

neurotransmitters are released in ____ from ____ neuron.

A

quanta; presynaptic

51
Q

quanta are packets of about ____ neurotransmitter molecules

52
Q

each quatum is equavilent to content of one _____.

A

synaptic vesicle

53
Q

each quatum produces a minature ____ of the same amplitude.

54
Q

all neurotransmitters are released is triggered by what? and through what channel ?

A

ca2+ influx; voltage-gated ca2+ channel

55
Q

T/F: At the neuromusclar junction, 150-300 synaptic vesicles are released to produce a EPSP.

56
Q

What prevents AP?

57
Q

The two types of neurotransmitters?

A

small molecule NT; neuroactive peptide/aminoacid

58
Q

Small molecules NT ex?

A

acetylcholine,nonrepinephrine, dopamine,seratonin

59
Q

neuroactive peptides and amino acids ex?

A

gaba,glutamate,glycine

60
Q

can a neuron release more than one NT?

61
Q

can a synpase release more than one type of NT?

A

no, only one single type

62
Q

NT is synthesized in ___ and transported to ___ terminal

A

soma, synaptic

63
Q

are NT conserved in evolution?

64
Q

T/F: multiple receptors w/ different function may bind a single type of NT.

65
Q

Ach is ___ in skeletal muscle and ___ in heart.

A

excitatory , inhibitory

Physiology (15 decks)

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