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Esthiology Freshman Block > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Acid-alkali neutralization reactions

A

When an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal portions to neutralize each other and form water and salt

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2
Q

Acids

A

Substances that have a pH below 7.0, taste sour

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3
Q

Acid mantle

A

Protective barrier of lipids and secretions on the surface of the skin

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4
Q

Air

A

The gaseous mixture that takes up earths atmosphere. Odorless, colorless. One part O one part N

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5
Q

Alkalis

A

AKA bases. React w/acids to form salts. pH above 7.0. Tastes bitter. Turns litmus paper from red to blue

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6
Q

Anion

A

An ion with a negative electrical charge

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7
Q

Antioxidants

A

Used to stabilize skin care products by preventing oxidation that would otherwise cause a product to turn rancid and decompose. They are vitamins such a as A, C, and E which can be applied topically in products or taken internally to increase healthy body functions

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8
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest chemical components of an element that still retains the properties of that element

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9
Q

Cation

A

Ion with a positive electrical charge

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10
Q

Chemical change

A

Change in the chemical properties of a substance that is the result of a chemical reaction in which a new substance(s) are formed that have properties different from the original

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11
Q

Chemical compounds

A

Combinations of two or more atoms of different elements United chemically with a fixed chemical composition, definite proportions and distinct properties

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12
Q

Chemical properties

A

Those characteristics that can only be determined by chemical reaction and a chemical change in the identity of the substance

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13
Q

Chemistry

A

Science that deals with the composition, structures and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

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14
Q

Combustion

A

Rapid oxidation of any substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

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15
Q

Compound molecules

A

AKA compounds. A chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite proportions

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16
Q

Element

A

The simplest form of matter

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17
Q

Elemental molecules

A

Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite proportions

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18
Q

Emulsions

A

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

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19
Q

Free radicals

A

Unstable molecules that cause inflammation, disease, and biochemical aging in the body, especially wrinkling and sagging of skin. Free radicals are super oxidizers that cause an oxidation reaction and produce a new free radical in the process that are created by highly reactive atoms or molecules

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20
Q

Gases

A

Matter without a definite shape, size or volume. Takes shape of container

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21
Q

Hydrogen

A

Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. The lightest element known

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22
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen. A colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and a slightly acidic taste

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23
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving

24
Q

Hydroxide

A

An anion with one oxygen and one hydrogen atom

25
Q

Immicible

A

Liquids that don’t like to mix

26
Q

Inorganic chemistry

A

The study of substances that are not and were never alive (no carbon)

27
Q

Ion

A

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

28
Q

Ionization

A

The separation of an atom or molecule into pos or neg ions

29
Q

Lipophilic

A

Oil loving

30
Q

Liquids

A

Matter that has volume but no definite shape

31
Q

Logarithmic scale

A

A method of displaying data in multiples of 10

32
Q

Matter

A

Any substance that occupies space and has mass

33
Q

Miscible

A

Capable of being mixed; liquids that are mutually soluble. (Mix well)

34
Q

Molecule

A

Chemical combo of 2 or more atoms

35
Q

Nitrogen

A

Colorless, gaseous element that makes up 4/5 of the atmosphere

36
Q

Oil-in-water (O/W)

A

oil dispersed in water

37
Q

Organic chemistry

A

Study of substances that contain carbon

38
Q

Oxidation

A

Either the addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen

39
Q

Oxidation reduction

A

AKA redox. Chemical reaction in which the oxidation agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

40
Q

Oxidize

A

To combine or cause a substance to combine with oxygen

41
Q

Oxygen

A

Most abundant element on earth

42
Q

pH

A

Potential hydrogen. Relative degree of acidity and alkalinity of a substance

43
Q

pH scale

A

Used to measure the acidity and alkalinity of a substance. Ranges from 0-14. 7 is neutral. Below 7 is acidic; above 7 is alkaline

44
Q

Physical change

A

Change of physical properties

45
Q

Physical mixtures

A

Combination of two or more substances United physically, not chemically.

46
Q

Physical properties

A

Characteristics that San be determined with out a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in identity of substance

47
Q

Redox reactions

A

Chemical reaction in which oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

48
Q

Reduction

A

The process through which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through chemical reaction

49
Q

Solids

A

Definite size and shape and mass

50
Q

Solute

A

A substance that dissolves in solvent to form solution

51
Q

Solution

A

Uniform mixture of two or more miscible sundtances

52
Q

Solvent

A

Dissolves solute to form solution

53
Q

States of matter

A

The three different physical forms of matter: solid, liquid and gas.

54
Q

Surfactants

A

Acronym for surface active agent. Reduces surface tensions between skin and product to increase spreadability

55
Q

Suspensions

A

Unstable mixtures of two or more immiscible substances

56
Q

Water

A

Most abundant of all substances

57
Q

Water in oil (W/O) emulsion

A

Drops of water dispersed in oil

Esthiology Freshman Block (12 decks)

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