chapter 7 Flashcards
what are the age ranges for infants and children?
infants: <1 year
children: 1-9 years
how long do women mensturate?
about 40 years
how long is the post-partum period?
3 months
what does maternal, infant, and child health encompass?
health of women of childbearing age from pre-pregnancy through pregnancy, labor and delivery, and the postpartum period, and the health of the child prior to birth through adolescence.
what are MIC statistics important indicators of?
effectiveness of disease prevention and health promotions services in a community
what challenges still remain despite a decline in MIC mortality?
- significant racial disparities
- low income and education
definition of family
- various definitions of “family”
- concept has changed over time, depends on social and cultural norms and values, may be coceptualized differently on an individual basis.
unmarried women are more like than married women to what?
experience negative birth outcomes
teen mothers more likely to..
- smoke during pregnancy
- have preterm birth
- have low-birth weight babies
- have pregnancy complications
teens mother who become pregnant..
- drop out of school
- not get married
- rely on public assistance
- live in poverty
what percentage of teenage girls get pregnant before they are 20?
25%
what is family planning?
determining the preferred number and spacing of children and choosing the appropriate means to accomplish it
- community involvement includes governmental and non-governmental agencies
how many pregnancies are unintended? and how may of those end in abortion?
50% and 43%
what are some negative health behaviors associated with unintended pregnancies?
- delayed prenatal care
- inadequate weight gain
- smoking
- drug use
what is the title X family planning act?
a federal progran that provides funds for family planning services for low-income people
what does the family planning act aim to reduce?
unintended pregnancy by providing contraceptive and other reproductive healthcare services to low income women.
who is margaret sanger?
an female activist who advocated for birth control/contraceptives
- opened america’s first birth control clinic
comstock laws
set of federal acts passed by congress under US grant that prevented the mailing on contraceptives.
what have clinics improved?
MIC health indicators
each public health dollar spent saves
$3.74 in medicaid costs
when is abortion legal in Roe v Wade
early stages of pregnancy
- first trimester: women can get an abortion
- second trimester: women can get an abortion based on state laws
- third trimester: women can only get an abortion if it’s life threatening
what did the hyde amendment of 1976 state?
illegal to use federal funds for abortion unless women’s life in danger
pro-life
a medical/ethical position that holds that performing abortion is an act of murder
pro-choice
a medical/ethical position that holds that women have a right to reproductive freedom
what decision overturned roe v. wade?
dobbs v. jackson women’s health organization
maternal death
42 days after the birth of the children
preconception care
medical care provided to a woman of reproductive age to promote health prior to conception
prenatal care
medical care provided to a pregnant woman from the time of conception until the birth process occurs
what factors do infant health depend on?
- mother’s health and her health behavior prior to and during pregnancy
- genetic characteristics
- mother’s level of prenatal
- quality of delivery
- infant’s enviornment
- nutrition
- immunization
what is infant mortality a measure of?
nation’s health
what are the leading causes of infant death?
- cogenital abnormalities
- preterm/low-birth weight
- SIDS - death under 1 years without a cause
childhood mortality is
the most severe measure of health in children
what is the leading and second leading cause of death in children?
- gun violence
- unintentional injuries
what impact do unintentional injuries have?
- economic
- emotional
- disabling
what does childhood maltreatment include?
- physical, sexual, and emotional abuse
- neglect
- abandoment
- exploitation
- threats to child
what is the role of community programs in addressing child maltreatment?
they should be sensitive to cultural values and non-punitive
categorical programs
- only available to people who fit in a specific group
women, infants, and children program (WIC)
- clinic based program designed to provided nutritional and health-related good and services to pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women, infants up to 1, and children up to 5.
what are eligibility requirements for WIC?
- resident in application state
- income requirements, at “nutritional risk”
medicaid
- low-income individuals and families; children are slightly more than half of all Medicaid beneficiaries
CHIP
- targets uninsured children whose families don’t qualify for medicaid
family medical leave act
- grants 12 weeks unpaid job-protected leave to men or women after birth of child, adoption, or illness in immediate family.
how much does teenage pregnancy cost direct taxpayers?
$9 billion
why is vaccinating early beneficial?
children can be protected when they are especially vulnerable, and for the rest of their life
what is the children’s defense fund?
aims to educate the nation about the needs of children and encourage preventive investment in children before they get sick or suffer
what is UNICEF
united nations childrens fund - improves child conditions through community based services, water sanitation, and mass vaccinations.
what is the american academy of pediatrics?
this academy is committed to the attainment of optimal physical, mental, and social health and well-being for all infants, children, adolescents, and young adults
- research
- advocacy for children and youth
- public and professional education
what is the impact of lacking health insurance on children?
they are more likely to have necessary care delayed or receive no care
what are the leading causes of maternal mortality?
poverty and health complications during pregnancy
