chapter 1 Flashcards
20th Century Achievements of Public Health
theres 10
- Vaccination
- Motor Vehicle Safety
- Control of Infectious Diseases
- Decline of Deaths from CHD and Stroke
- Healthier Mothers and Babies
- Safer and Healthier Foods
- Safer Workplaces
- Family Planning
- Fluoridation of Drinking Water
- Recognition Of Tobacco Use as a Health Hazard
Health + List the dimensions
a dynamic state or condition of the human organism that is multidimensional in nature, a resource for living, and results from a person’s interactions with and adaptations to his or her enviornment.
health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.
- Physical
- Social
- Emotional
- Spiritual
- Enviormental
- Intellectual
Community
a group of individuals with common characteristics
(location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, interests, etc.)
Public Health
actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur.
Community Health
health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health.
Personal Health Activites
individual actions and descison making that affect the health of an individual
Community Public Health Activities
activities aimed at protecting or imprvoing the health of a population or community
Individual Behavior
takes the concerted effort of many individuals to make a program work (herd immunity)
Healthcare Delivery
in 2010, significant changes were made to the US healthcare system with the passage of ACA. it’s primary focus was to increase the number of Americans with health insurance. unfortunately, the rising cost of health care still needs to be adressed.
Enviormental Problems
the enviornment in which we live in affects our health tremondously. The air is unsafe to breathe, the water is unsafe to drink. this will continue to be a big problem if not adressed.
Lifestyle Diseases
the leading cause of death in the US are not chronic illnesses. the top 4 causes are heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratoy diseases, and unintentional injuries. there are also the most preventable health problems because its your lifestyle that contributes to them.
Communicable Diseases
infectious diseases remain a concern for several reasons. its the primary reason for days missed at school or work. as new ones appear, old ones reemerge, and the growing concern of zoonotic diseases.
Bioterroism
the threatened or intentional release of biological agentd for the purpose of influencing the conduct of government or intimidating or coercing the civil population to further political or social objectives.
Health Disparities
the difference in health among different populations (race, ethnicity, gender, location, and socioeconomic status)
Disasters
- natural (conventional)
- human made (technological)
18th Century (1700s)
- industrial growth, living conditions not conducive to good health
- 1790: first US census taken
- 1796: Dr Jenner created vaccinatin against small pox.
- infectious diseases outbreaks were common
19th Century (1800s)
- industrial revolution led to dirtier cities
- 1850: Shattuck Report - recommended boards of health, use of vital statistics, implementing statistics etc.
- 1863: Pasteur proposed germ theory
- 1872: American Public Health Association
- Nurses hired in (‘95) industries (‘99) schools
- walter reed discovered mosquitoes transmit yellow fever germ theory.
Health Resources Development Period (1900-1960)
a time of great growth in health care facilities and providers
- The Jungle: a book about unsafe working conditions which evenutally led to the passage of the 1906 pure food and drug act
- Workman’s Comp Act, creation of Bureau of Mines, Workplace health and safety take roots
- birth of public health nursing + first school of public health (john hopkins)
- 1920s prohibition (getting rid of alcohol)
- The Great Depression
- Social Security Act of 1935: government becomes involved in social and health issues.
- WWII medical discovery of antibiotics makes its way into civilian life (penicilin)
- Hill-Burton Act: improve medical care and quality of hospitals.
- Polio Vaccination
- President Eisenhower’s heartattack brings national attention to heart disease.
Period of Social Engineering (1960 - 1973)
-federal government becomes active in health matters
1965: Medicare and Medicaid established. Most elderly in underserved areas.
- improved standards in health facilities.
Period of Health Promotion (1974 - present)
-identification that premature death traceable to lifestyle and health behavior.
- healthy people publication established (examines health disparities, health literacy, well-being and social detriments of health.
- Health People 2030 defines the nation’s health agenda and guides its health policy.
21st Century Events Affecting Public Health
- 9/11
- Gun Violence
- Covid 19
- Jan 6th
- Roe v. Wade (Dobbs v. Jackson)
International Terrorism vs Domestic Terrorism
Internation Terroism - directed by foreign nationals
Domestic Terrorism - directed by citizens of your government
Community Health Problems in the early 2000s
everything you went over that one day taking notes
-Health care delivery
-Environmental problems
-Lifestyle diseases
-Communicable diseases
-Alcohol and other drug abuse
-Health disparities
-Disasters
-Public health preparedness
Population Health
The health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group.
what are the five major domains that determine a person’s health?
- gestational endowments
- social circumstances
- enviormental conditions
- behavioral choices
- the availabiliy of quality of healthcare
what are four major factors that affect the health of a community?
- Physical Factors (the enviornment)
- Social and Cultural Factors (beliefs, traditions, and practices)
- Community Organization (fixing a drug problem)
- Individual Behaviors (recycling, vaccination)
Healthy People
- defines the nation’s health agenda and guides its health policy
- includes several overachieving goals and many supporting objectives for the nation’s health
The National Prevention Strategy
- overseen by the National Prevention Coucil, which was created through the Affordable Care Act
- realizes the benefit of prevention for all americans’ health
- a list of recommened policies and programs
what does MAP-IT stand for?
Mobilize
Assess
Plan
Implement
Track
Problems in the 21st century?
- Health Care Delivery
- Enviornmental Problems
- Communicable and Lifestyle Diseases
