chapter 12 - last one :( Flashcards
what do economic costs include?
direct costs (health care)
indirect costs (crime and law enforcement)
why is alcohol and drug use a threat to the community?
- greater health care needs
- suffer more injuries
- less productive
- loss of economic opportunity and productivity
- social and economic destruction
drug
substance that alters physiological function of the body
psychoactive drugs
have the potential to alter mood or behavior
drug use
usually assosiated with illicit drug use
drug misuse
use of a drug for a purpose for which it is not intended
drug abuse
excessive use of any drug
drug dependence
need the drug to function, withdrawal symptoms
psychological depndence
emotional and cognitive dependence
addiction
persistent, compulsive, dependence on a behavior or substance, including mood altering behaviors or activites despite ongoing negative consequences
withdrawal
series of temporary physical and psychological symptoms that occur when an addict abruptly abstains from an addictive chemical or behavior
tolerance
phenomenon in which progressively largers doses of a drug or more intense involvement in a behavior is needed to produce the desired effect
what is the number on drug problem in the US?
alcohol
how is binge drinking classified for males and females?
male: 5 drinks
females: 4 drinks
drinking problems
consumption results in medical, social, or other types of problems
(personal, interpersonal, legal, and/or financial)
alcoholism
impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with drinking
what is the BAC limit?
.08
drinking and driving
- increase drinking age
- decrease BAC
- strengthening and enforcing revocation laws
increased risk of unintentional injuries
list them
- drowning
- falls
- fires, burns
- child abuse
- rape
- SA
- DV
- vandalism
- property damage
fetal alcohol syndrome
leading cause of mental retardation in western world
what is a standard drink?
- liqour: 80 proof, 1.5 oz
- beer: 4-5% ABV, 12 oz
- wine: 5 oz
nicotine
psychoactive and addictive drug present in tobacco products
synar amendment
state minimum purchase age for cigarettes at 18
tobacco
what is the single most preventive cause of disease, disability, and death in the US
community effort against nicotine?
tax increases on cigarettes
how can prescription drugs be purchased?
with a physician’s prescription because they can have serious side effects
who regulates prescription drugs?
FDA
what are OTCs?
legal drugs other than alcohol and tobacco that can be purchased without a physician’s prescription.
can you be cured from OTCs?
no, they only provide symptomatic relief, not a cure
what are controlled substances and illicit drugs regulated by?
the Controlled Substances Act of 1970
rules for controlled substances and illicit drugs
cannot be cultivated, manufactured, bought, sold, or used within the confines of the law
schedule 1
- high potiential for abuse
- no accepted medical use
schedule 1 drug examples
heroin, marijuana, LSD, ecstasy
schedule 2-5
- have medical uses
- scheduled based on pontential for risk of dependence or abuse
what is the DEA responsible for?
enforcing the Controlled Substances Act of 1970
where is marijuana derived from?
hemp plant
what is the most abused illicit drug in the US?
marijuana
how is marijuana often used?
in conjuction with other drugs (polydrug use)
marijuana acute effects
- reduced concentration
- slowed reaction time
- impaired short-term memory
- impaired judgement
marijuana chronic effects
- damage to the respiratory system (if smoked)
where do narcotics come from?
oriental poppy plant
what do narcotics do?
- narcotics numb the senses and reduce pain
- high potential for abuse
what do narcotic withdrawals include?
symptoms of diarrhea.
what are anabolic steroids?
protein building drugs
examples of anabolic steroids
testosterone and human growth
who abuses anabolic steroids?
athletes and body builders
what are the three levels of drug abuse prevention?
primary: Aimed at non-users
secondary: Aimed at occasional users
tertiary: Aimed at treatment and aftercare
elements of prevention
- education
- treatment
- public policy
- law enforcement
what are examples of community-based drug education programs?
- DARE
- student assistance programs
- peer counseling programs
what are examples of workplace-based drug education programs?
employee assistance programs
what are some voluntary health agencies related to drug prevention?
MADD
Alcoholics Anonymous
