chapter 14?

Question 1

enviornmental health

Answer 1

study of management of enviornmental conditions affecting health

Question 2

enviornmental hazard

Answer 2

factors/conditions in the enviornment that increase the risk of human injury, disease, or death

Question 3

outdoor air pollution (natural)

Answer 3

• sandstorm
• volcano
• wildfire
• methane gas
• pollen

Question 4

primary pollutants

Answer 4

emanating directly rom transportation, power/industrial plants and refineries

Question 4

what are some secondary pollutants?

Answer 4

photochemical smog (brown)
industrial smog (gray)
ozone layer
thermal inversion

Question 4

outdoor air pollution (human)

Answer 4

• motor vehicles/factories
• transportation
• electric powered by oil and coal

Question 4

secondary pollutants

Answer 4

formed when primary air pollutants react with sunlight and other atmospheric components to form new harmful chemicals.

Question 4

Enviornmental Protection Agency

Answer 4

the federal agency primarily responsible for setting, maintaining, and enforcing environmental standards.

Question 5

criteria pollutants

Answer 5

most pervasive and biggest concern;
carbon monoxide, lead, etc.

Question 6

greenhouse gases

Answer 6

atmospheric, coal fired plants, electric power

Question 7

indoor air pollutants

Answer 7

abestos
biogenic pollutants
combustion by-products (gas stove)
volatile organic compounds (fabric)
formaldehyde (ply wood)
radon (rock)
enviornmental tobacco smoke

Question 8

sick building syndrome

Answer 8

air quality produces generalized signs and symptoms of ill health of the building’s occupants

Question 9

the 1970 energy crisis

Answer 9

reduced ventilation in buildings.
“tight buildings are sick buildings”

Question 10

aquifers

Answer 10

porous, water-saturated layers of underground bedrock, sand, and gravel that yield economically significant amounts of water

Question 11

water pollution

Answer 11

includes any physical/chemical change in water that can harm living organisms or make water unfit for other uses.

Question 12

point source pollution

Answer 12

pollution that can be traced to a single source (pipes)

Question 13

non-point source pollution

Answer 13

pollution occuring through runoff, seepage, or falling of pollutants into water

Question 14

runoff

Answer 14

water that flows over land sufraces, typically from precipitation

Question 15

biological pollutants

Answer 15

living organisms or their products that make water unsafe for human consumption
ex: bacteria, viruses, parasites

Question 16

non-biological pollutants of water

Answer 16

• heat, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, and radioactive pollutants
• endocrine-disrupting chemicals
• pharmaceutical and personal care products

no government regulation on disposal medications

Question 17

waterborne disease outbreak

Answer 17

at least 2 people epidemiologically linked to recreational or drinking water by location, time, and illness.
- drinking water outbreaks have declined, but recreational has increased
- gastro intestinal issues with parasites and bacteria`

Question 18

foodborne illness

Answer 18

a foodborne diseae outbreak is the occurence of two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the injestion of food

Question 19

what do foodborne illnesses include?

Answer 19

viruses, bacteria, parasites, toxins, metals, prions

Question 20

what are the top reasons for foodborne illnesses?

Answer 20

ineadequate cooking
unsanitary conditions
consuming non-pasteuized products
contaminated equipment
obtaining food from an unsafe source (shellfish)

Question 21

food safety regulation

Answer 21

department of agriculture: meat, poultry, eggs FDA: saftey and wholesomeness of supplements and food sold in innerstate commerce; inspect food plants, imported food, food composition, and product labeling CDC: monitors food-borne illness

Question 22

farm to table (farm)

Answer 22

use safe methods of growing, harvesting, sorting, packaging and storing food

Question 23

farm to table (processing)

Answer 23

follow FDA guidelines concerning contamination, cleanliness, and eduation and training of workers, and monitor safety at critical points

Question 24

farm to table (transportation)

Answer 24

containers and vehicles transporting food must be clean. food must be kept cold at all times

Question 25

farm to table (retail)

Answer 25

employees in grocery stores and restaurants must follow FDA food codes. establishments must pass local health inspections and train staff in sanitation

Question 26

farm to table (table)

Answer 26

consumers use sound food safety and recognize foodborne illness is a real possibility

Question 27

FiGHT BAC!

Answer 27

- clean - washing food, utensils, hands and surfaces - seperate - seperate certain foods, especially meats and eggs - chill - make sure food is properly chilled - cook - food must be cooked at a certain temperature

Question 28

populations vulnerable to food-borne illness

Answer 28

- HIV or autoimmune disease - very young or very old - pregnant women - alcoholics - antacid users - people taking antibiotics

Question 29

universal signs of food poisoning

Answer 29

- nausea - vomiting - diarrhea

Question 30

pathogens that cause food-borne illness

Answer 30

norovirus, E.coli, listeria, salmonella, botulism

Question 31

norovirus

Answer 31

source: person-to-person, raw foods, salads and sandwiches onset: 1-2 days cause: improper food handling

Question 32

e.coli

Answer 32

source: undercooked ground beef, produce, contaminated water onset: 1-8 days symptoms: bloody diarrhea, cramps, vomitting, how to avoid: cook and clean food thoroughly, use treated and bott

Question 33

listeria | bacterium

Answer 33

source: unpasterized milk, frsh soft cheease, lunch meat, hots dogs. symptoms: NVD, muscles aches, stiff neck, headache and fever how to avoid: use only pasteurized products, safe food handling, cook food thoroughly. - pregnant women are very susceptible

Question 34

salmonella | bacterium

Answer 34

source: eggs, poultry, dairy, meat symptoms: NVD onset: 4-7 days how to avoid: sanitary food handling, pasteruized products, refrigeration, cook food properly

Question 35

botullism

Answer 35

source: botullinum toxi (canned food) symptoms: double vision, inability to swallow, speech difficulty, paralysis. onset: 4-36 hours how to avoid: use proper canning methods. do not purchace leaky, bent, bulging or broken cans

Question 36

solid waste

Answer 36

garbage, sludge, and other discarded material from agriculture, mining, gas production, and industry

Question 37

hazardous waste

Answer 37

dangerous to health and/or the enviornment. ignitable, corrosive, reactive or EPA designated - batteries, mercury items, or flourescent lights

Question 38

electronic waste

Answer 38

often contains polyvinylchloride, brominated flame retardants, lead, and mercury.

Question 39

solid waste management

Answer 39

source reduction, recycling, reuse, composting, sanitary landfills, combustion

Question 40

lead!

Answer 40

- often contaminates well water - found in soil, household dust, air, paint, batteries, and gasoline

Question 41

who is at the greatest risk for lead poisoning?

Answer 41

children! kids absord 50%, adults only 10%

Question 42

what major health problems can lead cause?

Answer 42

anemia, birth defects, bone damage, learning disabilties, sterility, neurological and psychological disfunction

Question 43

what is the number 1 vectorbone disease?

Answer 43

lyme disease

Question 44

what are some natural hazards?

Answer 44

wildfires, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, floods, tsunamis

Question 45

radiation

Answer 45

process in which energy is emitted as particles or waves

Question 46

high-energy ionizing radiation

Answer 46

damages living cells and tissues (x-rays, sun, erosion of the ozone layer)

Question 47

non-ionizing radiation

Answer 47

has not been proven to cause cancer (microwaves, computer screens, cell towers)

Question 48

how to avoid skin cancer!

Answer 48

- ABCD rule (asymmetry, border irreguarity, color is not uniform, diameter is greater than 6) - limit sun exposure from 10-4 pm - use sunscreen with SPF 15 - do not use tanning beds

Question 49

impact of population growth

Answer 49

global warming, acid rain, bulging landfills, ozone depletion, increasing crime rate

Question 50

how can population growth be managed? naturally?

Answer 50

contraception, conception control, social policy naturally: famine, epidemic, warfare