Chapter 7

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

The process by which information is encoded, stored, or retrieved.

Question 2

Episodic Memory

Answer 2

A memory of a specific experienced event

Question 3

Flashbulb Memory

Answer 3

Clear memories of emotionally significant moments or events

Question 4

Semantic Memory

Answer 4

A memory of general knowledge and information that can be recalled

Question 5

Explicit Memory

Answer 5

A memory of specific information

Question 6

Implicit Memory

Answer 6

A memory that consists of the skills and procedures one has learned

Question 7

Encoding

Answer 7

The translation of information into a form that can be stored in memory

Question 8

Storage

Answer 8

The maintenance of encoded information already known

Question 9

Maintenance Rehearsal

Answer 9

The repetition of new information in a an attempt to keep from forgetting it

Question 10

Elaborative Rehearsal

Answer 10

A memory device that creates a meaningful link between new information and the information already known

Question 11

Retrieval

Answer 11

The process of recalling information from memory storage

Question 12

Context-dependent Memories

Answer 12

Information that is more easily retrieved in the context in which is was encoded and stored

Question 13

State-dependent memories

Answer 13

Memories in which information is more easily retrieved when on is in the same physiological or emotional state as when the memory was originally encoded or learned

Question 14

Tip-of-the-tongue phenonmenon

Answer 14

The belief that a piece of information is stored in our memory although we cannot retrieve it easily.

Question 15

Sensory memory

Answer 15

The immediate initial recording of sensory information in the memory system

Question 16

Iconic Memory

Answer 16

The sensory register that briefly hold mental images of visual stimuli

Question 17

Eidetic memory

Answer 17

The maintenance of a very detailed visual memory over several months

Question 18

Echoic memory

Answer 18

The sensory register in which traces of sounds are held and may be retrieved within several seconds

Question 19

Short-term memory

Answer 19

Memory that holds information briefly before it is stored or forgotten

Question 20

Primacy Effect

Answer 20

The tendency to recall the initial item or items in a series. The tendency to form opinions of others based on first impressions

Question 21

Recency Effect

Answer 21

The tendency to recall the last item in a series. The tendency for people to change their opinions of others based on recent information

Question 22

Chunking

Answer 22

A mental process for organizing information into meaningful units or “chunks”

Question 23

Interference

Answer 23

The process that occurs when new information appears in short-term memory and replaces what was already there.

Question 24

Long-term memory

Answer 24

The type or stage of memory capable of large and relatively permanent storage

Question 25

Schemas

Answer 25

An idea or mental framework that helps one organize and interpret information

Question 26

Recognition

Answer 26

A memory process in which one identifies objects or events that have previously been encountered

Question 27

Recall

Answer 27

Retrieval of learned information

Question 28

Relearning

Answer 28

Learning material a second time, usually in less time that is was originally learned

Question 29

Decay

Answer 29

Disintegration, in psychology, the fading away of memory

Question 30

Infantilw Amnesia

Answer 30

The inability to remember events that occurred during one’s early years (before age of three)

Question 31

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 31

The inability to form new memories because of brain trauma

Question 32

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 32

The failure to remember events that occurred prior to physical trauma because of the effects of the trauma.