Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Construct

A

A concept or idea, which is assumed to be real but cannot be seen or measured directly

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2
Q

Hypothesis

A

A prediction or assumption about behavior that is tested through scientific research

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3
Q

Replicated

A

To repeat a research study, usually with different participants and in different situations, to confirm the results of the original study

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4
Q

Survey

A

A research technique for acquiring data about the attitudes or behaviors of a group of people, usually by asking questions of a representative, random sample

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5
Q

Target Population

A

The total group to be studied or described and from whom samples may be drawn

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6
Q

Sample

A

A representative segment of a target population

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7
Q

Random Sample

A

A survey population, selected by chance, which fairly represents the general population

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8
Q

Stratified Sample

A

A sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in the general population

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9
Q

Bias

A

A predisposition to a certain point of view

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10
Q

Volunteer Bias

A

The concept that people who volunteer to participate in research studies often differ from those who do not volunteer

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11
Q

Case Study

A

An in-depth study of a single person or group to reveal some universal principle

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12
Q

Longitudinal Method

A

A type of research in which the same people are studies over a long time period

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13
Q

Cross-sectional Method

A

A method research that looks at different age groups at the same time in order to understand changes that occur during the life span

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14
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

The study of behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulation or control on the part of the observer

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15
Q

Laboratory Observation

A

The study of behavior in a controlled situation

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16
Q

Correlation

A

The relationship between variable

17
Q

Positive Correlation

A

A relationship between variable in which one variable increases as the other variable also increases

18
Q

Negative Correlation

A

An unpleasant stimulus between two variables in which one variable increases as the other variable decreases

19
Q

Experiment

A

A controlled scientific procedure to determine whether certain variables manipulated by the researcher have an effect on other variables

20
Q

Variables

A

factors that are measured or controlled in a scientific study

21
Q

Independent Variables

A

The factor that is manipulated by the researcher to determine its effect on another variable

22
Q

Dependent Variable

A

in an experiment, the factor that is being measured and that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable

23
Q

Experimental Group

A

In the study, the participants who receive the treatment

24
Q

Control Group

A

In an experiment, the group that does not receive the treatment

25
Controlled Experiment
An experiment that uses both a control group and an experimental group to determine at which a person makes judgments based on conventional standards of right and wrong
26
Placebo
an inert substance used in controlled experiments to test the effectiveness of another substance
27
Single-blind study
A study in which the participants are unaware of whether they are in the control group or the experimental group
28
Double-blind study
An experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment of the placebo
29
Ehtics
rules and standards for proper and responsible behavior
30
Informed Consent
an agreement by an individual to participate in research after receiving information about the purpose of the study and the nature of the treatment