Chapter 10

Question 1

Developmental Psychology

Answer 1

The branch of psychology that studies the physical, cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout the life cycle

Question 2

Maturation

Answer 2

Developmental changes that occur as a result of automatic, genetically determined signals

Question 3

Critical Period

Answer 3

A stage or point in development during which a person or animal is best suited to learn a particular skill or behavior

Question 4

Reflex

Answer 4

An automatic, unlearned response to a sensory stimulus

Question 5

Infancy

Answer 5

In humans, the stage of life from birth to age two

Question 6

Childhood

Answer 6

The stage of life that follows infancy and spans the period from the second birthday to the beginning of adolescence

Question 7

Attachment

Answer 7

an active and intense emotional relationship between two people that endures over time

Question 8

Stranger Anxiety

Answer 8

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display

Question 9

Separation Anxiety

Answer 9

distress that is sometimes experienced by infants when they are separated from their primary caregivers

Question 10

Contact Comfort

Answer 10

The satisfaction obtained from pleasant, soft stimulation

Question 11

Imprinting

Answer 11

The process by which animals form strong attachments during a critical period very early in life

Question 12

Authoritative

Answer 12

A leadership or parenting style based on recognized authority or knowledge and characterized by mutual respect

Question 13

Authoritarian

Answer 13

A leadership or parenting style that stresses unquestioning obedience

Question 14

Self-esteem

Answer 14

The value or worth that people attach to themselves

Question 15

Unconditioned Positive Regard

Answer 15

A consistent expression of esteem for the basic value of a person

Question 16

Conditional Positive Regard

Answer 16

An expression of esteem given only when an individual has exhibited suitable behavior

Question 17

Assimilation

Answer 17

The process by which new information is placed into pre-existing categories

Question 18

Accommodation

Answer 18

The process of adjusting existing ways of thinking to encompass new information, idea, or objects.

Question 19

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 19

According to Piaget, the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Question 20

Preoperational Stage

Answer 20

In Piaget’s Theory, the stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet think logically

Question 21

Conservation

Answer 21

According to Piaget, the principle that the properties of substances remain the same despite changes in their shape or arrangement

Question 22

Egocentrism

Answer 22

In Piaget’s theory, the inability of the preoperational child to understand another’s point of view

Question 23

Concrete-operational Stage

Answer 23

According to Piaget, the stage or cognitive development during which children acquire the ability to think logically

Question 24

Formal-Operational Stage

Answer 24

According to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Question 25

Preconventional Moral Reasoning

Answer 25

According to Kohlberg, a level of moral development in which moral judgments are based on fear of punishment or desire for pleasure

Question 26

Conventional Moral Reasoning

Answer 26

The level of moral development at which a person makes judgments based on conventional standards of right and wrong

Question 27

Postconventional Reasoning

Answer 27

According to Kohlberg, a level of moral development during which moral judgments are derived from a person’s own moral standards