Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

the part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

the neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body, including the muscles and glands

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3
Q

Neurons

A

a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

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4
Q

Cell Body

A

The part of a neuron that produces the energy needed for the activity of the cell

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5
Q

Dendrites

A

The branchlike extensions of a neuron that receive impulses away from the neuron cell body

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6
Q

Axon

A

a long tubelike structure attached to a neuron that transmits impulses away from the neuron cell body

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7
Q

Myelin

A

A white, fatty substance that insulates axons and enables rapid transmission of neural impulses

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8
Q

Axon Terminals

A

small fibers branching out from an axon

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9
Q

synapse

A

the junction between the axon terminals of sending neuron and the dendrites of the receiving neuron

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10
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

A chemical messenger that carries impulses across the synaptic gaps between neurons

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11
Q

Spinal Cord

A

a column of nerves within the spine that transmit messages to and from the brain

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12
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

The division of the peripheral nervous system that connects the central nervous system with sensory receptors, muscles, and the skin

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13
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates body functions, such as respiration and digestion

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14
Q

Medulla

A

A structure at the base of the brain stem that controls vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing

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15
Q

Pons

A

a brain structure located at the top of the brain stem that is involved in respiration, movement, and sleep.

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16
Q

Cerebellum

A

The area of the brain that is responsible for voluntary movement and balance

17
Q

Reticular Activating System

A

the part of the brain that is involved in attention, sleep, and arousal

18
Q

Thalamus

A

the structure of the brain that relays messages from the sense organs to the cerebral cortex

19
Q

Hypothalamus

A

the neural structure located below the thalamus that control temperature, hunger, thirst, and various aspects of emotion

20
Q

Limbic System

A

A group of neural structures at the base of the cerebral hemispheres that is associated with emotion and motication

21
Q

Cerebrum

A

the large mass of the forebrain, consisting of two hemispheres

22
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

the wrinkled, convoluted surface of the brain; the body’s control and information-processing center

23
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

the nerve fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

24
Q

Association Areas

A

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in such mental operations as thinking, memory, learning, and problem solving

25
Endocrine System
The glands the secrete hormones into the bloodstream
26
Hormones
chemicals produced by the endocrine glands that regulate specific body functions
27
Heredity
The genetic transmission of traits from one generation to the next
28
Genes
The basic building blocks of heredity
29
Chromosomes
A microscopic threadlike structure in the nucleus of every living cell; it contains genes, the basic units of heredity