chapter 7 Flashcards
as acquisition of behavior
Most people use the term learning
changes in which no new behavior occurs
changes in the pattern of behavior
Learning includes
a rule describing the contingency between behavior and reinforcement
Schedule of reinforcement
distinctive patterns of behavior (produced by different schedules)
Schedule effects
a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs (or every response produces a reinforcer)
CRF - Continuous schedule (of reinforcement)
reinforcement occurs for some responses but not others.
Intermittent schedule –
Four simple schedules of reinforcement
FR - fixed ratio
VR - variable ratio
FI - fixed interval
VI - variatble interval
reinforcement occurs after a set (or fixed) number of responses.
FR
reinforcement occurs after an average number of responses
VR
reinforcement occurs after the first response after a set (or fixed) amount of time.
FI
reinforcement occurs after the first response after an average amount of time.
VI
a pause after reinforcement
PRP
Post-Reinforcement Pause
(or)
Pre-ratio Pause
the rate at which behavior occurs once it has resumed following reinforcement
Run rate
reinforcement is withheld from a previously reinforced behavior (or a schedulw which no responses are reinforced)
Extinction
a sudden increase in the response dimensions of a behavior when reinforcement is withheld
Extinction burst
the reappearance of previously reinforced behavior
Resurgence
the sudden reappearance of behavior following extinction and a period of time
Spontaneous recovery
other schedules
FT - fixed time
VT - variable time
FD - fixe duration
VD - variable duration
Progressive ratio schedule
break point
(DR)?
reinforcement is delivered after a fixed amount of time regardless of what behavior occurs
FT
reinforcement is delivered after an average amount of time regardless of what behavior occurs
VT
reinforcement is contingent on the continuous performance of a behavior for a fixed period of time
FD
reinforcement is contingent on the continuous performance of a behavior for an average period of time
VD
the requirement for reinforcement increases in a predetermined way following each reinforcer
Progressive ratio schedule
the point which behavior stops on a progressive schedule
Break point
the procedure of gradually increasing the number of responses required to reinforcement
Stretching the ratio
the disruption of the pattern of responding due to stretching the ratio too abruptly
Ratio strain
Six types of complex schedules
MIXED SCHEDULE
MULTIPLE SCHEDULE
CHAIN SCHEDULE
TANDEM SCHEDULE
COOPERATIVE SCHEDULE
CONCURRENT SCHEDULE
two or more simple schedules alternate each associated with a particular stimulus
Multiple schedule
two or more simple schedules alternate with neither associated with a particular stimulus
Mixed schedule
reinforcement is contingent on the completion of a last in a series of schedules none of which is associated with a particular stimulus
Tandem schedule
reinforcement is delivered contingent on the completion of the last in a series of schedules each associated with a different stimulus
Chain schedule
reinforcement is dependent on the behavior of two or more individuals
Cooperative schedule
two or more schedules are available simultaneously
Concurrent schedule
the tendency of behavior to be more resistant to extinction following intermittent reinforcement than continuous reinforcement
Partial reinforcement effect
the principle that the rate of responding on two or more reinforcement schedules will match the rate of reinforcement on each schedule
Matching law
