Chapter 7

Question 1

3 phases of change processes- kurt lewins field theory

Answer 1

1. Unfreeze(motivate for change- increase accelerating forces/decrease retarding forces)
2. Change(develop new behaviors, values and attitudes)
3. Freeze(adapt the new change as is)

Question 2

Kurt lewins 2 forms of force that are pushing in opposed difections

Answer 2

• force pushing for change (accelerating forces)
• forces opposing change( decelerating forces)

Question 3

Kurt lewins accelerating forces

Answer 3

• changes in environment(external cause) - i.e. new technology
• desire for change within org(internal cause) -i.e. humanization of work

Question 4

Kurt lewins retarding forces

Answer 4

-resistance among individuals-i.e.habits, anxiety

-resistance at organizational level -i.e. lack or resources, fear of disturbance

Question 5

Experience curve theory

Answer 5

Will every doubling of the cumulative output, unit costs are reduced by 20-30%. Meaning that through bettering processes, is possible to increase productivity through pure experience

Question 6

Kotters 8 stage progess of change management.

Answer 6

1. Establishing a sense of urgency
2. Forming a powerful guiding coalition
3. Creating s vision
4. Communicating the vision
5. Empowering others to act on the vision
6. Planning for and creating short term wins
7. Consolidating improvements but still producing more change
8. Institutionalizing new approaches

Question 7

Kotters establishing a sense of urgency

Answer 7

1. Complacency - everything is fine- fail to react to signs to take action(denial; too much positivity from managers)
2. False urgency- people actions dont result in productivity
3. True urgency- progress made everyday(failure or succeed

Question 8

Kotters forming a powerful guiding coalition- 3 tools and the 4 qualities of an effective guiding coalition

Answer 8

Find the right people- create trust-develop common goal

4 qualities:
Position power-expertise-credibility-leadership

Question 9

Kotters creating a vision

Answer 9

What should the future of the co look like

An effective vision:
Imaginable
Desirable
Feasible
Focused
Flexible
Communicable

Question 10

Kotters communicating the vision

Answer 10

Ensuring that as many people as possible understand and accept the vision

The vision should be communicated.. simple-vivid-repeatable-invitational

Question 11

Kotters empowering others to act on the vision

Answer 11

Remove as many barriers as possible to let people do their best work

-remove structural barriers
-win middle mng

Question 12

Kotters planning for and creating short term wins

Answer 12

Creating visible unambiguous wins as soon as possible

Question 13

Kotters consolidating wins and producing still more change

Answer 13

More project
More people helping
Keep urgency high
Show of proof that the new way works

Question 14

Kotters institutionalizing new approach

Answer 14

Actions to ensure long term success- articulate connections between new behaviors and corporate success

Question 15

Phases of a digital project

Answer 15

1. Freeze/preimplementation
   -initiation
   -adoption

2.change/implementation
-adaption
-acceptance

3.freeze/ post implementation
-routinization
-infusion