chapter 7 Flashcards
glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, krebs cycle, ETC, and chemiosmosis
what are the products created from glycolysis?
(2) ATP, (2) NADPH, (2) pyruvate
what are the reactants needed for glycolysis?
glucose, (2) ADP, (2) NADP+
what reactants are needed for pyruvate oxidation?
pyruvate, coenzyme A
what products are created from pyruvate oxidation?
NADH, acetyl CoA, CO2
what are the reactants needed for the krebs cycle?
acetyl CoA, (3) NAD+, FAD+, ADP
what products are created from the krebs cycle?
coenzyme A, (3) NADH, FADH2, ATP, (2) CO2
where is the pyruvate oxidation process located?
cytosol and mitochondrion
what is released during pyruvate oxidation?
CO2
where does the krebs cycle take place?
inner mitochondrial membrane
what is released into the intermembrane space during the krebs cycle?
hydrogen ions
what is combined in the krebs cycle to create water?
(2) H+ + 1/2 O2
what is combined in the krebs cycle to create NAD+?
NADH + H+
what is combined in the krebs cycle to create ATP?
ADP + Pi
what, and how many, is combined to create pyruvate?
(2) ATP -> (2) ADP + (2) Pi
(4) ADP + (4) Pi -> (4) ATP
(2) NAD+ -> (2) NADH + (2) H+
what is combined in the mitochondrion during pyruvate oxidation?
NAD+ + NADH
what is taken in during pyruvate oxidation?
coenzyme A
where does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
where does the krebs cycle occur?
the mitochondrial matrix
what is the role of FADH2?
high energy electron carrier used to transport electrons made in glycolysis and krebs cycle to the ETC
what is the role of NADH?
generating energy for the body
where do hydrogen ions build up during cellular respiration and why?
the intermembrane space, they are pushed into the intermembrane space as electrons move through the ETC (creating a concentration gradient)
why is the hydrogen build up so important during cellular respiration?
it is crucial to ATP synthesis and chemiosmosis (generating ATP)
what does ATP synthase do during cellular respiration?
allows protons to pass through the membrane and uses the free energy difference to convert ADP into ATP
what do electrons do during glycolysis?
electrons combine with NAD+ to form NADH
what do electrons do during the krebs cycle?
electron release from the breakdown of pyruvate is taken in by NAD+ and FAD to form NADH and FADH2
what do electrons do in the ETC?
NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons into the inner mitochondrial membrane, where they enter the ETC where they lose energy
what is electrons role in all of cellular respiration?
to generate energy by transferring through a series of reactions in the mitochondrial, creating ATP through chemiosmosis
how do electrons get excited enough to move through the electron transport chain?
the sun excites the electrons
how many NADH and FADH2 are needed to create ATP?
about 2 ATP each
how many ATP does cellular respiration make theoretically?
38 ATP molecules
what is fermentation (anaerobic)?
done by bacteria and eukaryotes in the absence of air to convert carbohydrates into the products like gases, alcohol, and acids
what reactants are needed during anaerobic fermentation?
glucose, pyruvate, (2) ATP, (2) NADH
how is lactic acid formed?
glucose is converted into pyruvate then takes and electron and hydrogen from (2) NADH to form lactic acid
what is made during alcohol fermentation?
ethanol, carbon dioxide, and water
