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bio 20 unit 1 > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

ecosystems

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is an ecological niche?

A

the role an organism plays in a community

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2
Q

what are the transition areas between ecosystems called?

A

ecotones

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3
Q

what are the 4 (main) types of biomes?

A

tundra, desert, grasslands, and taiga

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4
Q

which biome includes coldness, high precipitation, dry, etc.

A

taiga/boreal forest

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5
Q

which biome includes dryness, hotness, little rainfall, etc.

A

desert biome

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6
Q

which biome includes, high vegetation, few trees, grass/flowers, etc

A

grassland biome

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7
Q

which biome includes permafrost, extremely low temp, poor precipitation, etc.

A

tundra biome

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8
Q

what are the zones of a lake called?

A

littoral, limnetic, and profundal zones

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9
Q

what is the brightest and most productive lake zone?

A

littoral zone

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10
Q

what is the “medium zone” or the second-most productive zone of the lake?

A

limnetic zone

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11
Q

what is the least productive zone of a lake?

A

profundal zone

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12
Q

what is birth potential?

A

the maximum number of offspring per birth

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13
Q

what is the capacity for survival?

A

the number of offspring that reach reproductive age

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14
Q

what is breeding frequency?

A

the number of times that a species reproduces

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15
Q

what is the length of reproductive life?

A

the age of sexual maturity, and how long they can reproduce

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16
Q

what are the limiting factors against biotic potential?

A

amount of food, water, space, etc.

17
Q

what are abiotic factors?

A

the non-living part of an environment

18
Q

what are biotic factors?

A

the living part of an environment

19
Q

what is an example of abiotic factors?

A

air, soil, temperature, water, pH, etc

20
Q

what is an example of biotic factors?

A

animals, plants/fungi, bacteria, etc

21
Q

what occurs in lakes during the fall and spring?

A

turnover

22
Q

what is turnover?

A

the seasonal mixing of the entire water column

23
Q

what is eutrophication?

A

a lake that is high in both nutrients and biological oxygen demand

24
Q

what is oligotrophic?

A

a lake that is low in both biological oxygen demand and nutrients

25
Q

what are the characteristics of a eutrophic lake?

A

shallow, murky, warm, lots of photosynthesis, etc

26
Q

what are the characteristics of an oligotrophic lake?

A

deep, cold, clear, limited organisms, etc

27
Q

what is biological oxygen demand?

A

the amount of oxygen needed by decomposers to completely break down organic matter

28
Q

what is coliform bacteria?

A

bacteria found in the intestines of humans and animals and indicates fecal matter/disease

29
Q

why is coliform bacteria important?

A

Its presence indicates dangerous diseases in both humans and animals

30
Q

what is carrying capacity?

A

the maximum number of individuals of a species that an ecosystem can support

31
Q

what is clear-cutting?

A

the removal of all trees within a given area

32
Q

what is selective cutting?

A

only certain tree types are harvested in an area

33
Q

what is the “slash and burn” method?

A

the complete clearing of a forest and burning of trees

34
Q

which biome includes slow decomposition, little organic matter, permafrost, etc

A

slow decomposition, little organic matter,

35
Q

what is a plant species or an animal species that is non-native?

A

exotic/invasive species

36
Q

what are density-independent factors?

A

affects a population regardless of population density

37
Q

what are density-dependant factors?

A

affects a population based on population density

38
Q

what is an example(s) of density-dependant factors?

A

weather, fire, flood, drought, climate change, etc (abiotic)

39
Q

what is an example(s) of density-independent factors?

A

food supply, water supply, disease, predators, etc

bio 20 unit 1 (10 decks)

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